444 NOTES. 



recently published a further treatise on the same subject. Jobcrt has 

 lately shown that the spongy air-bladders of Siidig gigas, EiftMnut 

 tfBniatus, and E. brasilieiim, actually take up air ; and the distribution 

 of the vessels in these fishes as well as in Amia and Lepidosteiis is 

 such as we generally find in true lungs. In these instances, according 

 to Jobert's experiments, tying up the air-passage by which the gullet 

 communicates with the air-bladder, and by which apparently the air is 

 introduced, was speedily followed by death. 



A'ote 76, page 17S. Besides the Rotatoria, Tardigrada, the Anguil- 

 lalidffi in mosses and a few little-studied Worms, the following Crusta- 

 ceans have hitherto become known, of which the ova can endure 

 desiccation without suffering the smallest injury : Apus, Branchipus, 

 Artemia, Cypris, Cypridina, Daphnia, Linmadia, Estheria, and many 

 Copepoda. How long the eggs may generally lie dry without perish- 

 ing is at present unknown. To the data given in the text I may here 

 add the following which I owe to the kindness of Professor von Siebold 

 of Munich. Mud containing Artemia, collected in 1872 by Professor 

 Zittel in the oasis of Dahel (or Dahleh ?), produced several broods in 

 the beginning of May 1877, but none in the previous years. Mud out 

 of a ditch at Ingolstadt, collected in 1871, produced a quantity of 

 EstlieHa in the winter of 1876. Mud containing Srancliiinis produced 

 a Nauplius in 1877 after lying dry for ten years. The ova of Lejndurm 

 productus, singularly enough, cannot endure desiccation. 



Nitte 77, page 175. Brauer has studied this subject. Eggs of 

 Braneldpiia ( Chio-ocephalns) Maplianus developed after a long time, four 

 to seven months, even without liaving been kept dry ; and those of the 

 msirine species of Artemia also dispense with drying. But for other 

 species of Brancldpvs and for many species of Apvs, according to 

 Brauer, desiccation is an indispensable condition for the development of 

 the egg. 



Note 7^, page 175. The geographical distribution of the species of 

 A2ms and Branehipus, for instance, offers many singularities. The eggs 

 are minute and can certainly be easily transported by a high wind to a 

 great distance, and even more easily-by migratory birds, such as ducks, 

 snipe, &c. We should therefore suppose that both these genera would 

 have a wide geographical distribution like Cypi-it and Baphnia, of 

 which I found several species in tropical countries extremely like those 

 of the European continent, though perhaps specifically distinct. But 

 so far as I have sought for Apus and Branchipus in fresh water I have 

 found none either in the Philippines or in the Pelew Islands in the 

 Pacific. Godefroy's catalogue mentions no species of these genera as 

 coining from the tropical islands of Polynesia, and I find none mentioned 

 as belonging to South America, Central America, or India. This may 

 perhaps be attributed to the fact that circumstances have not been 

 favourable to travellers ; it is well known that we may often seek in 



