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TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OP 



layer clothes the cruciate ligaments in such a manner as to be divided 

 into two sacs. As previously stated, the joint-capsules of the femoro- 

 patellar and femoro-tibial articulations are in contact with each other 

 distal to the patella, but it must be noted that a considerable quantity 

 of fat separates the femoro-tibial capsule from the patellar ligaments. 



On opening the joint-capsule it will be found that, because of its 

 fixation to the margin of the interarticular cartilages, each synovial sac 



Femur. 



Patella. 



M. biceps femoris. 



Fascia lata. - 



Lateral meniscus. 



Lig. collaterale fibulare. 



Mm. extensor digitorum longus 

 et peroureus tertius. 



M. biceps femoris 

 (part of insertion). 



Supplementary cartilage 

 of patella. 



M. adductor. 



Ligamenta patella;. 



Lig. collaterale tibiale. 



.Medial meniscus. 



M. gracilis (part of insertion). 



Tibia. 



Fig. 109. — Anterior Aspect of the Femoro-Patellar and Femoro-Tibial Articulations. 



* = Ligamentous bands attaching the menisci to the tibia. 

 The lines of attachment of the synovial linings of the joint-capsules are indicated in red. 



is partially separated into two parts communicating with each other 

 round the concave edge of the meniscus. The lateral sac covers the 

 tendon of origin of the popliteus muscle, and is continued down the 

 muscular notch of the tibia underneath the common tendon of origin of 

 extensor digitorum longus and peronjfcus tertius. 



The medial {tibial) and lateral {fibular) collateral ligaments are 

 attached by one extremity to the condyles of the femur. The medial 

 ligament (ligamentum collaterale tibiale) is connected with the medial 

 meniscus, and ends on the medial condyle of the tibia. The longer and 

 stronger lateral collateral ligament (ligamentum collaterale fibulare) is 

 separated from the lateral meniscus by the tendon of the popliteus 

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