30 MANUAL OP THE APIART. 



well-developed lungs, so, too, in such animals as the bees, we- 

 see the relation between this intricate system of air-tubes — 

 their lungs — and the quick, busy life which has been proverb- 

 ial of them since the earliest time. The class Insecta also' 

 includes the spiders, scorpions, with their caudal sting sO' 

 venomous, and mites, which have in lieu of the tubes, lung- 

 like sacks, and the myriapods, or thousand-legged worms — 

 those dreadful creatures, whose bite, in case of the tropical 

 centipeds or flat species, have a well-earned reputation of 

 being poisonous and deadly. 



The class Insecta does not include the water-breathing 

 Crustacea, with their branchiee or gills, nor the worms, which 

 have n.0 lungs or gills but their skin, if we except some ma- 

 rine forms, which have simple dermal appendages, whick 

 answer to branchiae. 



ORDER OF THE HONEY-BEE. 



The honey-bee belongs to the order Hexapods, or true In- 

 sects. The first term is appropriate, as all have in the imago- 

 or last stage, six legs. Nor is the second term less applica- 

 ble, as the word insect comes from the Latin and means t» 

 cut in, and in no other articulates does the ring structure ap- 

 pear 80 marked upon merely a superficial examination. More 

 than this, the true insects when fully developed have, unlike 

 all other articulates, three well-marked divisions of the body 

 (Fig. 2), namely : the head (Fig. 2, a), which contains the 

 antennae (Fig. 2, d), the horn-like appendages common to all 

 insects ; eyes (Fig. 2, e) and mouth organs ; the thorax (Fig. 

 2, b), which bears the legs (Fig. 2, g), and wings, when they 

 are present ; and lastly, the abdomen (Fig. 2, c), which, 

 though usually memberless, contains the ovipositor, and when 

 present, the sting. Insects, too, undergo a more striking 

 metamorphosis than do most animals. When first hatched 

 they are worm-like and called larvaa (Fig. 12), which means 

 masked ; afterward they are frequently quiescent, and would 

 hardly be supposed to be animals at all. They are then 

 known as pupae, or as in case of bees as nymphs (Fig. 13). 

 At last there comes forth the imago with compound eyes, an- 

 tennae and wings. In some insects the transformations are 

 said to be incomplete, that is the larva, pupa and imago differ 



