CONTENTS 



Page 



Preface xv 



Introduction xvii 



Analytical Key to the Families of Trees in Winter xxi 



Chapter 



I. The Study of Trees in Winter .... 3 



Trunk and branches. Stems and twigs. Leaf-scars. 

 Bundle-scars. Huds. 



II. The Horsf,chi;s'inut 15 



The Horsechestnut. The Ohio Bucl<eye. 



III. The Maples 21 



Sugar or Rock Maple. Red or Swamp Maple. 

 White or Silver Maple. Striped Maple or Moose- 

 wood. Ash-leaved Maple or Box Elder. Norway 

 Maple. Sycamore Maple. 



IV. The Ashes 35 



The White or American Ash. Red or Downy Ash. 

 Black Ash. European Ash. 



V. The \\'alnuts and Hickories 45 



Butternut. Black Walnut. Shaghark or Shell- 

 bark Hickory. Mockernut or Whiteheart Hick- 

 ory. Bitternut Hickory. Pignut Hickory. 



VI. The Birches, Hop Hornbeam, and Hornbeam 59 



Canoe, Paper, or White Birch. American, Gray, 

 or White Birch. Black or Sweet Birch. Yel- 

 low Birch. Red or River Birch. Dwarf Birch. 

 European White Birch. Hop Hornbeam, Iron- 

 wood. Hornbeam, Blue Beech, 

 vii 



