208 ANTHOXANTHUM. AMMOPHILA. 



in the jungle, if away from the sea influence, with Epilobium hir- 

 sutum, Sahx hehx, the Water-mints, and the yellow Marygold ; 

 while the Forget-me-not finds, here and there, a free and open space 

 to occupy with its azure flowers. 



108. Anthoxanthum odoratum. ^ivett Wnnah^ta^S. Pas- 

 tures, very common. May, June. — In drying smells like Wood-ruff^, 

 and is the principal cause of the fragrance of meadow hay. 



109. Nardxjs stricta. OTiresimt : 33lacfesl)ent. Abundant 

 on all our moors. July. — Gathered for the purpose of manufac- 

 turing basses or mats. 



110. Alopecurus pratensis. Jfoptaih^vaiSS. Farquharson 

 in Murray's North. Flora, App.p.x. — Common in pastures, and very 

 valuable. Summer. 



111. A. GENicuLATus. Wet mcadows and marshy places, com- 

 mon. June, July. 



J12. Phalaris arundinacea. Stillingfleet's Works, ii. 307. 

 Margins of our rivers, of burns in the low country, and of ponds, 

 frequent. July. — A variety having the leaves striped with green 

 and white hues is often seen in gardens, and called ^arbtnerS' 

 garter^, HaKieS' garters, or liibaitt(--2raS;S. 



113. Ammophila arenaria = Arundo arenaria. Ci)£ 33ent. — 

 Sandy sea-coast from Spittal southwards. Holy Island links. B. 

 Shore at the mouth of the Pease-burn. July. — A most useful grass 

 in binding drifting or loose sand, and hence a principal agent in 

 forming the links of our shores. It is helped in this good work by 

 many other plants. On the 1 7th July I found on a space, about 

 nine feet square, of the links at Spittal, the following species : — 



Ononis arvensis. Galium verum. 



Festuca rubra. Thymus serpyllum. 



Carex arenaria. Arundo arenaria. 



Achillea ptarmiea. Poa pratensis. 



Hypochaeris radicata. Lotus corniculatus. 



Cerastium arvense. Leontodon taraxacum. 



Hypnum albicans. Tortula ruralis. 



Astragalus hypoglottis. Agaricus oreades. 



Triticum repens. Plantago lanceolata. 



Triticum juuceum. Tanacetum vulgare. 



The Rev. James Raine, in his History of N. Durham, p. 55, notices 

 from Bede, that the wooden church of Lindisfame, rebuilt by Finan 

 in the Scottish fashion, was thatched with reeds, " in all probability 

 the wiry Bent which grows in such abundance on the island." The 

 cabin in the Feme islands, to which St. Cuthbert retired, would 

 much resemble those huts of divots or sods and stone which are still 



6. Phalaris canariensis. Canary-grass. — Grown in cottage gardens for 

 ornament, and for the use of the family canary ; and hence occasionally a 

 stray plant will be fovmd flourishing at the sides of roads and foot-paths. 



