114 UMBELLIFER^E. (PAKSLEY FAMILY.) 



# * # Fruit more or less compressed dorsally, oblong to orbicular. 

 ■*- Fruit somewhat compressed dorsally : the dorsal ribs rather narrowly winged ; the lateral 



wings broader, distinct ; seed sulcate and concave. 



11 Ligusticum. Dorsal ribs narrowly winged : oil-tubes several in the intervals, obscure : 



seed remforni in section : flowers white or yellow. 



12. Tliaspium. Dorsal ribs strong and winged : oil-tubes solitary in the intervals: seed 



orbicular and somewhat angled in section : flowers yellow. 

 «- -t- Fruit much flattened dorsally. 

 ++ Lateral wings broad, distinct ; the dorsal more or less prominent : seed concave on the 

 face or nearly flat. 



13. Angelica. Dorsal wings narrower than the lateral : oil-tubes solitary: stout herbs t 



with white flowers and naked or nearly naked umbels. 



14. Archangelica. Similar, but with stouter ribs, and 2 to 3 or more oil-tubes in each 



interval adhering to the loose seed. 



15. Cymopterus. Dorsal wings as broad as the lateral ones : oil-tubes one to several in 



the intervals : low perennial herbs : flowers yellow or white : involucres present. 

 ++ ++ Lateral wings coherent till maturity ; dorsal ribs filiform : seed nearly fiat on the face. 



16. Peucedanum. Lateral wings thin : oil-tubes as long as the fruit : involucre none : 



low perennials : flowers- yellow or white, not radiate. 



17. Heracleum. Lateral wings thin : oil-tubes solitary, clavate, not reaching the base of 



the fruit : involucre deciduous : stout pubescent perennials, with white, often radiate 

 flowers. 



18. Archemora. Lateral wings thin, broad : oil-tubes solitary : involucre nearly none : 



smooth perennials, with white flowers and rather rigid leaves. 

 10. Ferula. Lateral wings corky, as thick as the fruit ; dorsal ribs filiform : oil-tubes very 



numerous, mostly obscure. 

 20. Polytsenia. Lateral wings corky, tumid, thicker than the fruit ; back nearly ribless : 



oil-tubes two in the intervals. 



1. SANICULA, Tourn. Sanicle. Black Snakeroot. 



Calyx-teeth foliaceous, persistent. Fruit subglobose or obovoid : ribs obso- 

 lete : oil-tubes numerous. Seed hemispherical. — Smooth perennials, with 

 nearly naked stems: leaves palmately divided; the lobes more or less pin- 

 natifid or incised : umbels involucrate with sessile leafy usually toothed 

 bracts ; the bracts of the involucels small and entire. 



1. S. Marylandica, L. Stem 2 to 3 feet high : leaves all 5 to 7-parted : 

 sterile flowers numerous, on slender pedicels : styles elongated and conspicu- 

 ous, recurved. — Colorado and W. Montana ; common throughout the Atlantic 

 States. 



2. MUSENIUM, Nutt. 



Calyx-teeth persistent. Petals obovate, with iuflexed point. — Perennial, 

 dwarf, rather foetid, resiniferous herbs, with fusiform roots and a short 

 caudex, or branching dichotomously from the base : leaves 2 to 3-pinnatifid : 

 involucre none ; involucels unilateral, of a few rather rigid narrow leaflets. 



1. M. divaricatum, Nutt. Decumbent : stem short, dichotomously 

 branching from the base : leaves, except the radical, opposite, glabrous, shining, 

 bipinnatijid ; divisions confluent with the winged rhachis: flowers yellow: fruit 

 somewhat glabrous; oil-tubes filled with a strong terebintiune oil. — Torr. & 

 Gray, Yh i. 642. " Naked and arid hills of the Upper Missouri," Nuttall. 



