126 RUBIAOE^E. QMADDEK FAMILY.) 



glabrate, reticulate-venulose at maturity, 1 or 2 inches long : peduncles seldom 

 over a half-inch long: corolla honey-yellow or oehroleucous, occasionally 

 tinged with purple, i to J inch long ; the tube gibbous at base, pilose-pubes- 

 cent within. — Bot. King's Exp. 133. Mountains of Utah, Montana, Oregon, 

 and northward. 

 ■<- +- Bracts oblong to ovate or cordate and Jbliaceous ; in fruit enlarging and 



enclosing or surrounding the two globose dark purple or black berries : bractlets 



conspicuous and accrescent. 



2. L. involucrata, Banks. Pubescent, sometimes glabrate, 2 to 10 feet 

 high : leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 inches long, petioled : 

 peduncles 1 or 2 inches long, sometimes 3-flowered : corolla yellowish, viscid- 

 pubescent, a half-inch or more long : bractlets i or united into 2, viscid- 

 pubescent. — Mountains of Colorado and California to Alaska, and extending 

 eastward into Canada. 



* * Flowers in variously disposed terminal or axillary clusters, commonly verticil- 

 late: stems twining: uppermost pair or two of leaves connate into an oval or 

 orbicular disk: corolla with more or less elongated tube: berries orange or red. 



3. L. ciliosa, Poir. Leaves ovate or oval, glaucous beneath, usually 

 ciliate, otherwise glabrous: whorls of flowers single and terminal, or rarely 

 2 or 3, and occasionally from the axils of the penultimate pair of leaves, 

 either sessile or short-peduncled : corolla glabrous or sparingly pilose-pubes- 

 cent, yellow to crimson-scarlet ; limb slightly bilabiate ; lower lobe 3 or 4 

 lines long. — From the mountains of Arizona and California to those of 

 Montana and British Columbia. 



Order 40. RUBIACEjE. (Madder Family.) 



Shrubs or (ours) herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by in- 

 terposed stipules, or vorticillate without apparent stipules, the calyx 

 adnate to the 2 to 4-celled ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of 

 the regular corolla, and inserted on its tube. 



* Leaves opposite, with entire interpetiolar stipules. 



1. Kelloggia. Flowers generally 4-merous. Calyx with obovate tube and minute teeth. 



Corolla between funnelform and salverform. Stamens ami style more or less exserted. 

 Ovary 2-celled. Fruit small, dry and coriaceous, beset with hooked bristles, separat- 

 ing at maturity into 2 closed carpels. 



# * Leaves verticillate, without stipules. 



2. Galium. Flowers 4-merous, sometimes dioecious. Culyx with globular tube ami obso- 



lete limb. Corolla rotate ; lobes commonly with inflexed acuminate or mucronate tip. 

 Stamens with short filaments. Style 2-cleft or styles 2. Ovary 2-celled, 2-lobed. 

 Fruit didymous, dry (in ours), jointed on the pedicel, separating into two closed car- 

 pels, or only one maturing. 



1. KELLOGGIA, Torr. 



A single Californian species, most nearly allied in our flora to ifitchella. 

 1. K. galioides, Torr. Slender and glabrous or pnberulent perennial, 

 a span to a foot high : leaves opposite, lanceolate, sessile, with small and en- 



