SCROPHULARIACE^E. (PIGWOET FAMILY.) 271 



1. N. attenuata, Torr. Afoot or two high: leaves all on naked and 

 mostly slender petioles and acute or merely obtuse at base ; the lower ovate or 

 oblong ; the upper from oblong-lanceolate and attenuate-acuminate to linear- 

 lanceolate or linear : corolla dull white or greenish, slender salverform, not en- 

 larged at the throat; the tube 1 to \\ inches long ; the obscurely b-lobed limb i to 6 

 lines in diameter: filaments equally inserted low down on the tube. — In dry- 

 ground, from Colorado to Nevada and California. 



2. N. quadrivalvis, Pursh. A foot high, rather stout : leaves oblong 

 or the uppermost lanceolate, and the lower ovate-lanceolate, acute at both 

 ends, mostly sessile : flowers few : corolla white, tubular : funnelform and open- 

 mouthed ; the tube barely an inch long ; the 5-lobed limb 1 i inches or more in diame- 

 ter: filaments unequally inserted in the upper part of the tube: capsule 4-celled. — 

 A native of Oregon, but cultivated by the Indians to the Missouri : their most 

 prized tobacco-plant. 



Order 56. SCROPHlJL,ARIACEJE. (Figwort Family.) 



Chiefly herbs with didynamous or diandrous stamens inserted on the 

 tube of the 2-lipped or more or less irregular corolla : fruit a 2-celled 

 and usually many-seeded pod. Style single : stigma entire or 2-lobed. 



I. Leaves prevailingly opposite, at least the lower . upper lips or lobes of the corolla ex- 

 ternal in the bad. — Antirrhinidej:. 



* Corolla bilabiate and more or less tubular ; the base of the tube gibbous or spurred on the 



lower side, and the lower lip often with an intrusion (palate) at the throat : stamens 

 4, with 2-celled anthers : capsule opening by irregular perforations or chinks : inflo- 

 rescence simple and racemose. 



1. Iiinaria- Corolla with a spur at base and a prominent palate nearly closing the throat. 



* * Corolla more or less bilabiate and tubular, not saccate or otherwise produced at base 



anteriorly : stamens 4, with usually a rudiment of the fifth present : capsule dehiscent 

 by valves : inflorescence normally compound. 

 <- Corolla gibbous or saccate on the upper or posterior side of the tube : ovules and seeds 

 few or solitary in the cells : calyx deeply 5-cJeft : flowers solitary or umbelliform-verti- 

 cillate. 



2. Collinsia. Corolla deeply bilabiate ; its upper lip 2-cleft, with lobes more or less erect ; 



lower larger and 3-lobed ; its lateral lobes pendulous-spreading ; middle one condu- 

 plicate into a keel-shaped sac which encloses the 4 declined stamens and style. Ante- 

 rior pair of filaments inserted higher than the other : anther-cells confluent at the 

 apex. A gland at base of corolla represents the fifth stamen. Leaves undivided. 

 t- *- Corolla-tube not gibbous posteriorly : ovules and seeds indefinitely numerous : calyx 

 deeply 5-parted or of distinct sepals : inflorescence mostly thyrsoidal. 



3. Scrophularia. Corolla short ; the tube ventricose and globular or oblong: lobes 5, 



unequal, 4 erect and the fifth reflexed or spreading. Sterile stamen represented by a 

 scale on 'the upper side of the corolla : anthers transverse and confluently 1-celled. 



4. Pentstemon. Corolla from ventricose campanulate to elongated-tubular ; the limb 



either obscurely or strongly bilabiate. Sterile stamen represented by a conspicuous 

 and elongated filament : anther-cells either united or confluent at apex. 

 „_ +. <_ Corolla-tube not gibbous : ovules and seeds rather numerous : calyx not deepl? 

 cleft : inflorescence simply spicate. 



5. Chionophlla. Calyx funnelform. Corolla tubular, with slightly dilated throat and 



bilabiate limb ; upper lip erect, barely 2-lobed, the sides somewhatjecurved ; lower 



