SCEOPHULAEIACB^E. (PIGWORT FAMILY.) 283 



usually bluish or pale with blue stripes : capsule oblate! y orbicular and obcar- 

 date. — Throughout the continent. 



* * * Low annuals: flowers in the axils of ordinary or bract-like commonly 



alternate leaves, very short-pedicelled. 

 6. "V. peregl'ina, L. Glabrous, or above minutely pubescent or glandu- 

 lar : stem and branches erect, a span or two high : leaves thickish ; lowest 

 petioled and oblong or oval, dentate; the others sessile, from oblong to 

 linear-spatulate ; uppermost more bractlike and entire : capsule orbicular and 

 slightly obcordate. — Throughout the continent. " Neckweed." 



11. GERARDIA, L. 



Erect and branching herbs ; with mainly opposite leaves, the uppermost 

 reduced to bracts of the racemose or paniculate showy flowers. Our species 

 belong to the section with purple or rose-colored flowers and linear or filiform 

 cauline leaves, the herbage blackening in drying. 



1. Gr. aspera, DougL Stems and tranches strict: leaves rather erect, 

 strongly hispidulous-scabrous, all Jiliform-linear : pedicels mostly equalling and 

 sometimes moderately exceeding the calyx, erect: calyx-lobes deltoid-subulate or 

 triangular-lanceolate from a broad base, about half the length of the tube : anthers 

 obscurely if at all mucronulate at base. — On the plains within the eastern limit 

 of our range, and extending eastward to Wisconsin and Illinois. 



2. Gr. tenuifolia, Vahl. Smooth or usually so, about a foot high, panicu- 

 lately much branched, but the inflorescence racemose : leaves mostly narrowly 

 linear, equalling the lower but mostly shorter than the uppermost pedicels: calyx- 

 teeth very short : corolla about a half -inch long : anthers woolly, and cuspidate- 

 mucronate at base. 



Var. macrophylla, Benth. Stouter: larger leaves l£ to 2 inches long 

 and almost 2 lines wide, scabrous : pedicels ascending : calyx-teeth usually 

 larger : corolla little over a half-inch long. — From Colorado to W. Iowa and 

 W. Louisiana. 



12. CASTILLEIA, Mutis, Painted-Cup. 



Herbs with alternate entire or laciniate leaves, passing above into usually 

 more incised and mostly colored conspicuous bracts of a terminal spike : the 

 flowers solitary in their axils, red, purple, yellowish, or whitish; but the 

 corolla almost always duller-colored than the calyx or bracts. 



* Annuals with virgate stems, mostly tall and slender : leaves and bracts all linear- 



lanceolate and entire; the latter or at least the upper with red linear tips. 

 1. C. minor, Gray. A foot or two high, pubescence villous or soft 

 hirsute: flowers all pedicellate, the lower rather remote in the leafy spike : 

 calyx gibbous and broadest at base, wholly green, about equally cleft before 

 and behind to near the middle : corolla narrow and straight, £ to f inch long, 

 yellow; galea (upper lip) very much longer than the small lip, much shorter 

 than the tube. — Bot. Calif, i. 573. C. affinis, var. minor, Gray. In wet 

 ground, from Nebraska to W. Nevada and New Mexico. 



