354 SMILACE^E. (SMILAX FAMILY.) 



4. Z. paniculatus, Watson. Very similar: usually stout: leaves 3 to 

 8 lines broad, usually all sheathing : raceme compound: perianth-segments del- 

 toid, acute or acuminate ; gland less definitely margined, often reaching nearly 

 to the middle of the blade : seeds 3 to 5 lines long. — Bot. King Exped. v. 

 344. From the Wasatch Mountains to California and the Saskatchewan. 



19. CHAM51LIEIUM, Wffld. Devil's-Bit. 



Stem wand-like, from a thick and abrupt tuberous rootstock, terminated by 

 a long spiked raceme of small bractless flowers : fertile plant more leafy than 

 the staminate. 



1. C. Carolinianum, Willd. Stem 1 to 4 feet high: lower leaves 

 spatulate-oblanceolate, 2 to 6 inches long, the cauline narrower. — C. luteum, 

 Gray, Manual, 527. Coming into our eastern limit in W. Nebraska and 

 extending eastward. 



20. TO PI ELD I A, Hnds. False Asphodel. 



Mostly tufted, with fibrous roots, and simple stems leafy only at base, bear- 

 ing small flowers in a close raceme : leaves linear, grass-like. Ours has stem 

 and inflorescence pubescent, and pedicels fascicled. 



1. T. glutinosa, Willd. Glutinous-pubescent : stem slender, £ to 1 J feet 

 high : raceme short : pedicels bearing the scarcely lobed involucre near the 

 flower : capsule shortly beaked : seeds minute, with brownish testa, and a 

 contorted tail at each end. — From Wyoming to Oregon and northward, also 

 eastward to Canada and N. Carolina. 



21. XEROPHYLLUM, Michx. 



Stem from a bulbous base, bearing a compact raceme of showy white flowers, 

 thickly beset with needle-shaped leaves, the upper ones reduced to bristle-like 

 bracts ; those from the root very many in a dense tuft. 



1 ■ X. Douglasii, Watson. Stem 2 to 4 feet high : leaves often 2 or 3 

 feet long : pedicels £ to 1 £ inches long : flower-segments 2£ lines long, exceed- 

 ing the stamens: capsule cordate-ovate, 6-valved, the abruptly acute cells 

 separating and then dehiscing. — Proc. Am. Acad. xiv. 284. X. tenax of the 

 Hayden Reports. Headwaters of the Yellowstone and westward to Oregon. 



Order 80. SMIL, ACE M. (Smilax Family.) 



Shrubby or rarely herbaceous plants, climbing or supported by a pair 

 of tendrils on the petiole of the ribbed and netted- veined simple leaves ; 

 with dioecious small flowers ; regular perianth of 6 similar deciduous 

 sepals, free from the ovary ; as many stamens as sepals ; with introrse 

 1-celled anthers; ovary with 3 cells and as many elongated spreading 

 sessile stigmas. 



