CYPERACE^E. (SEDGE FAMILY.) 383 



or more nerved (10-nerved in that species) perigynia. C. hystricina affords a 

 transition to the Echinostachym. 



C. squarrosa, L., occurs at Fayetteville, N. W. Arkansas (F. L, Harvey). 

 It is at once distinguished by its exceedingly densely flowered short, upright 

 spikes, the terminal one being androgynous. It is one of the Squarrosoz, 

 Carey. 



i- -i- Staminate spike one, rarely two : pistillate spikes short, erect, more or less 

 purplish : beaks short : stigmas usually two. 



35. C. saxatilis, L. Stoloniferous : culm 4 to 12 inches high, sharply 

 angled, about the length of, or a little longer than, the narrow and sharp- 

 pointed leaves : pistillate spikes one to three, the upper sessile or nearly so, 

 the lower mostly more or less peduncled, all dark purple or at maturity becom- 

 ing brown : bracts narrow, long-pointed, shorter or a very little longer than 

 the culm : perigynium ovate-oblong or elliptic, nerveless or very inconspicu- 

 ously nerved at the apex, rather abruptly contracted into a very short nearly 

 entire beak, mostly longer than the more or less obtuse membranaceous scale. 

 — C. pulla, Gooden. C. vesicaria, var. alpigena, Fries. Rocky mountains 

 of British America and northward, and no doubt on our higher moun- 

 tains. (Eu.) 



Var. Grahami, Hook. & Arn. Stouter, 12 to 20 inches high : perigynium 

 lighter colored, often nearly straw-colored, prominently few-nerved, the beak 

 longer and more conspicuously toothed. — U. Grahami, Boott. C. vesicaria, 

 var. dichroa, Anderss. C. saxatilis, var. major, Olney. High mountains of 

 Colorado, Utah, and northward. (Eu.) 



+- -i- +- Staminate spikes two or more: pistillate spikes normally long, spreading 

 or drooping : stigmas three. 



** Perigynium conspicuously turgid, ascending at maturity. 



36. C. vesicaria, L. Stoloniferous : culms stout, 1 to 2£ feet high, sca- 

 brous, shorter than the upper leaves : leaves flat, 2 to 3 lines broad : pistillate 

 spikes 2 to 4, thick (4 to 8 lines in diameter), the upper sessile, the lower on weak 

 or nodding peduncles : perigynium ovate-lanceolate, one third or less as broad as 

 long, gradually tapering into a slender beak, 12 or more nerved, longer than the 

 inconspicuous scale. — Uinta Mountains, Utah ? (No. 1270 King's Survey, an 

 immature specimen), California, and Oregon. (Eu.) 



37. C. rnonile, Tuckm. Culms usually more slender and leaves a little nar- 

 rower: spikes more slender: perigynium subglobose, much inflated towards the 

 base, one half or more as broad as long, abruptly short-beaked, 10 or less nerved: 

 otherwise as in the last. — C. Vaseyi, Dew. Colorado ( Vasey). 



** ++ Perigynium not conspicuously turgid, squarrose at maturity, and the spikes 

 comose in appearance. 



38. C. utriculata, Boott. Somewhat stoloniferous : culm very stout ( 1 to 

 3 feet high), acutely angled above, very thick and spongy at the base: leaves 

 broad (2 to 6 lines), carinate at the base, much exceeding the culm, conspicu 

 ously nodulose-reticulated : pistillate spikes 2 to 6, more or less remote, the upper 

 sessile, the lower often on weak peduncles an inch or two long, long-cylindri- 

 cal or terete (1 to 7 inches long), thick and compactly flowered (sometimes 



