10 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
county and Mankato. With the addition of these, the total 
number of locality-citations is not far from 6,000. 
Determination of ranges outside of Minnesota. Curiously 
enough there is no work accessible to students of the Minne- 
sota flora in which the complete range of Minnesota plants is 
given. This can readily be excused in the case of fungal or 
algal lists, for the ranges of many of these lower forms are 
very insufficiently known and could scarcely be compiled with- 
out great labor and uncertainty. In the case of the higher 
seed-plants, the Metaspermae, there is less difficulty in obtain- 
ing the intra- and extra-continental distribution, but in manuals, 
floras and lists published in America it is common for the 
range, outside of the area arbitrarily chosen, to meet with little 
or no consideration. This is proper if the list is intended 
only as an enumeration,. but if it is meant to be serviceable to 
students in any other way, it would seem scarcely out of place 
to indicate in it the complete range of each species noted. In 
no other way can the plants of a region be presented logically 
to the student. This is especially true when the lists are based 
upon unnatural districts of observation. In any case it seems 
useful to know the general range. With this in view, the 
writer has been at considerable pains to compile from the 
original sources, as far as possible, the American and Old- 
World distribution of all plants which are considered as native 
to the Minnesota valley—that is, all plants introduced within 
its borders by agencies other than the activities of man. Cita- 
tions of page and number are given of all authorities thus con- 
sulted. The principal local floras of America have been indexed 
and certain lists of the Old World, comprising some from both 
Atlantic and Pacific regions, have been included in this tabula- 
tion. Under each specific name citations of literature upon 
which geographical range is based may be found, and reference 
to such cited works will be sufficient in most cases to fill out 
the detail of distribution which is suppressed for want of space. 
Citation of generic and family ranges. The genera and fami- 
lies are handled in much the same way as the separate species 
and varieties. Under each generic name is cited the principal 
synonymy, excluding most pre-Linnean names, and following 
this a few standard compendia of genera or generic indices. It 
is thus possible for the student to refer at will to the detailed 
descriptions of genera found in the cited works, or very readily 
to come into a knowledge of the literature concerning any 
genus of his inquiry. The number of species referred to a 
