viii METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
CHMATE snecaina dd ot nbweedixeiensbaarmmen iedin Part ataneals aon a 576 
Tablés Of PI€cipitatiOns: 20.0.4 ccc ce age eee ca cen heaenes 576, 577 
Table.of temperatures s cvencnssace os ceenesstehendue’s sa yee08, Se 577 
Phaenological observationS............. 0c c eee e ee eee te eee 1. 578 
Geological history of the Minnesota valley................ --- 578 
BLDITOS LA PHY jax setaisssoiosice 5 db ssa hiove ola aaetaieaen Th aie Niza lepsyadiesing Sak dclenene 581 
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE METASPERMIC FLORA OF THE MINNESOTA 
VALLEY. isis teva cee ceees neuen ROR aale sada as tty 582 
Statement of the problems. ...... 2... 02... 2 eee cece ne eee 582 
The dynamic inter-relations of plants.............. 0.222.205 582 
General features of plant distribution . ..................... 584 
The general factors in floral differences...................00.. 587 
Natural vegetation regions of the earth..... 6... cc eee eee eee ee 588 
GTISCDACH sc iacui sk ose arae haeedieton oe ee dees: Gave vhamoueseoema tel 588 
Eng leratiee icc 24. made eitarnece sdica paveds whiner vee res bea oulys 588 
Drude@vssvecias: seeieomess 4 aheg eeeeeeW pete es £44 ge Glhbebecan: 590 
General position of the Minnesota valley as a botanical 
GISDEICU ir o2c Nac ncienebusui scot sake inden eae Aey IES ta men eT aee 591 
Greater compositeness of the Northern Realm............ :.. 591 
Pressures UNG tensions ...cce.cecee cece bees cece cence eee e een ees 594 
General considerations of equatorial PPESSUTE isc. sos cws pews 594 
Movement of tensions.. hdeee Gaelus nuked das Eominrecneees “1090 
Fluctuation of tensions. ease Aas aes Sue. Seen y Me mae oe 596 
Influence of equatorial pressure on habitat....... ... ....... 597 
Secondary longitudinal tensions.................0.0.... 0-00 598 
Minor TENSIONS saws ess casedaaaiisaitinceccete ds ky dene hike yacaed 599 
General division of the world into botanical realms.......... 600 
Outline of metaspermic history vn the northern hemisphere. .......... 600 
Emergence of metaspermic forms............ 0... cee eee eee 600 
Character of the Cretaceous flora. .......... 06620 cee cee eee ee 602 
The; “Tertiary Noraie's scare nec erievsa vues acess Boe we ee4s 603 
The post-Tertiary movement............. Siae Basso ae ee eaan Gaees 604 
Results of the epoch of glaciation ......................0.0055 606 
Conditions of the present............. 00... cc eee cece eee 610 
SUMMALY a44. canadian an aeoauae LMR aeslelany oaaanmm ates bneaen cw 610 
Bibliography: sc csdnuwses ne acacd saneneinn seid agin aan eae nie 612 
STATISTICS OF METASPERMIC PLANTS OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY 613 
WAIVE OF StatiSticSiasy.ssieccrucce ce Meow enseen ds seeeeereraeess 613 
Point of view of statistical compilation ...................... 614 
Points of statistical investigation...................... 0.0.5. 615 
I, Examination of families represented in the Minnesota valley.... 624 
A. Table illustrating distinctive range of families .......... 618 
IT. Examination of genera represented in the Minnesota valley ... 624 
B. Table illustrating distinctive range ot genera............ 624 
C. Table illustrating continental development of genera.... 643 
IIL, Examination of species represented in the Minnesota valley.... 653 
D. Table illustrating general continental range of Minne- 
sota Metaspermic species. .......... 0... c eee eee 654 
E. List of species and varieties of extra-continental range.. 724 
F. Table illustrating range by families and species.......... 736 
