152 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
UNIFOLIUM Apans. Fam. II (1768). 
Tovaria NEcK. Elem. III, 190 (1790) not Adans. 
Smilacina DrsF. Ann. Mus. Par, IX, 51 (1798). 
Sigillaria Rar. Jour. Phys. LXXXIX, 261 (1819). 
Polygonastrum MoENcH, Meth. 6387 (1794). 
Asteranthemum, Jocaste, Medora KuntTH, Enum. V, 
148-155 (1850). 
Neolexis SALIsB. Gen. Pl. Fragm. 64 (1822?). 
Majanthemum Wiae. Prim. Holst. 15 (1780). 
Sciophylla WIBEL, Prim. Werth. 147 (1799). 
Bifolium GAERTN. Wett. Fl. I, 209 (1799). 
Styrandra Rar. Jour. Phys. LXXXIX, 102 (1819). 
Maia SALIsB. Gen. Pl. Fragm. 64 (1822?). 
Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. III, 770; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 422; 
Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 2, V, 79 (Engler); O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. II, 
717, 718; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 361. 
Living species: 21; N. temperate regions, 2; Hima- 
layas, 5; E. Siberia, 1; Japan, 1; W. N. America, 1 (end.); 
Mexico and Gautemala, 7; Canada, 6; California, 4; Rocky 
mts., 3; E. Sts., 4; N. America, 8-10; Europe, 1. 
Fossil species: ? Cretaceous, Greenland (Heer); Ter- 
‘tiary, Greenland (Heer). 
Unifolium bifolium (Linn. ) 
Convallaria bifolia LINN. Spec. 316 (1753). 
O. quadrifida Lam. Fl. Fr. III, 269 (1778). 
Majanthemum convallaria Wiea. Prim. Fl. Holst. 15 (1780). 
Evallaria bifolia Neck. Elem. ITI, 196 (1791). 
Convallaria tetrapetala GILIB. Exerc. Phyt. II, 461 (1792). 
Majanthemum cordifoltum MOENCH, Meth. 638 (1794). 
Snrilacina bifolia DesF. Ann. Mus. IX, 54 (1807). 
Majanthemum cunadense DEsF. Ann. Mus. 1X, 52 (1807), 
Smilacina canadense PursuH, Fl. Am. 233 (1814). 
Siyrandra bifolia Rar. Jour. Phys. LXN XIX, 102 (1819). 
Smilacina bifolia var. canadense GRAY, Man. ed. 5, 5380? (1868). 
Onifolium canadense GREENE, Torr. Bull. XV, 287 (1888). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 526; Britt., Fl. N. J. 241: Maze., 
Fl. Can. II, 32; Upham, Fl. Minn. 145; Chap., Fl. S. St. 481; Wats., Fl. 
Calif. II, 162; Richt., Pl. Eur. 231; Engl., Nat. Pflanz. II, 5, 80; Rothr., 
Alask. 456. 
Whole N. temperate zone. 
North America: Labrador and Newf. to Hudson Bay, 
Bear lake and Rockies; S. through Can. to N. Eng., N. J. and 
N. Car. W. to Minn., Dak. and Iowa. Alaska. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; principally in forest dis- 
trict and along streams; damp woods and banks; tamarack 
swamps. 
Hers.: Ballard 870, Waconia; Ballard 418, New Pra- 
gue, Scott Co.; Ballard 68, Chaska; Taylor 948, Glenwood; 
