LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 189 
Q., Ont. to foot-hills of Rockies; S. to Conn. and N. J.; W. to 
Ind., Ills. and Minn. 
Minn. valley: N. E., N. W. and N. districts; marshy 
meadows and bogs. 
Hers.: Taylor 737, Glenwood; Ballard 145n, Chaska; 
Ballard 423, New Prague, Scott Co.; Sandberg 504, Chisago Co.; 
Sandberg 505, Goodhue Co.; Herb. Sheld. 1796, Minneapolis. 
Betula nigra Linn. Spec. 982 (1753). 
B, lanulosa Micux. Fl. N. Am. II, 181 (1803). 
B. rubra Micux. Arb. II, 142 (1812). 
B. angulata Lopp. Cat. (1836). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 472; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221; Webb., 
Fl. Neb. 110; Upham, Fl. Minn. 128; Chap., F1. 8S. St. 428; Cov., Fl. Ark. 
220; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. ITI, 1, 45. 
North America: Mass. to N. J. and Fla.; W. to Minn., 
Neb., E. Kan. and Tex. 
Minn. valley: Forest district to Blue Earth Co.; local 
and infrequent; river banks and lake shores. 
HeErB.: Holzinger 256, Winona Co. 
Betula papyrifera Marsu. Arbust. Amer. 19 (1785). 
B. papyracea Ait. Hort. Kew. III, 337 (1789). 
B. grandis ScHRAD. Ind. Sem. Gott. 2 (1833). 
B. canadensis Loup. Cab. (1836). 
B. latifoka Tauscu, Flora XXI, 751 (1838). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 472; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 486; Upham, 
Fi. Minn. 128; Wats., King Exp. 323; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. III, 1, 45; 
Webb., Appx. Neb. 26. 
North America: Throughout Canada (‘‘widest range 
of any Canadian tree ’— Macoun.) to Arctic ocean; S. to N. Eng., 
N. Penn., N. Ills. and Minn., Dak. and N. Neb. 
Minn. valley: Forest district to Renville Co.; rare and 
local S. W.; but abundant N. E. districts. Woodland along 
streams. 
Hers.: Ballard 290n, Jordan, Scott Co.; Herrick 275, 
Minneapolis; Sandberg 503, Red Wing. 
ALNUS Gasrtyn. Fruct. IT, 54, t. 90 (1791). 
Alnaster SpacH, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 200 (1841). 
Alnobetula ScHur. Transsylv. 614 (1866). 
Semidopsis Zumaa. F). Ped. I, 249 (1849). 
Clethropsis Spacu, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 201 (1841). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. VI, 254; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. III, 404; Du- 
rand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 380; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3,1, 45 (Prantl); 
Schenck, Palaeophyt. 414. 
Living species: 14; Europe; Mid. and N. Asia; N. and 
S. America, extropical; S. Africa. Europe, 6; Russia, 4; Rus- 
