190 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
sian Europe, 3; Rocky mts., 3; E. Sts., 4; S. Sts., 2; Canada, 
4-5; California, 4; Pl. King, 8; Pl. Wheel., 2; N. America, 
excl. Mexico, 8. 
Fossil species: 380; Cretaceous; Alnus and Alnites, 
Alnophyllum, Nebraska and Colo. (Lesquereaux); Tertiary, N. 
America (Lesqx.); Tertiary, polar regions (Heer); Europe, 
(Saporta, Unger); Quaternary and recent, Forest-bed of 
Cromer, etc. 
Alnus ineana (LInN.) WILLD. Spec. IV, 333 (1805). 
Betula incana Linn. f. Suppl. 417 (1781). 
Alnus glauca Micux. Hist. Arb. IT, 322 (1812). 
A. crispa PursH, Fl Am. 623 (1814) partly. 
A. intermedia SCHRAD. Herb. Hort. Gott. 
A. incana var. vulgaris SPACH, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 206 (1841). 
A. incana var. glauca GRAY, Man. ed. I, 423 (1848). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed, 473; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221; Wats., 
FI. Calif. II, 81; Coult., Fl. Colo. 332; Webb., Fl. Neb. 109; Upham, FI. 
Minn. 128; Miyabe, Fl. Kur. 259, in var.; Herd., F]. Eur. Russ. 120; Wats., 
King Exp. 322; Roth., Wheel. Exp. 239; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 46; 
Hart., Scand. Fl. I, 378; Rothr., Alask. 454. 
Northern Europe and Asia to Yezo and Saghalin. 
North America: Newf. throughout Can. to the Rocky 
mts.; S to Mass. and N. J.; W. to E. Neb., Minn., Dak. and 
Colo.; Oregon to Saskatchewan and S. in mts. to Nevada and 
Mexico; N. to Alaska. 
Minn. valley: N. E., and probably N. W. districts; 
along streams and around marshes. 
XXVI. FAGACEAE. Oak Family. 
Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 274 (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. III, 403 
(1880)—TribusIII, Cupuliferae; Baillon, Hist. Pl. VI,227 (1877), Castanea- 
ceae in part; Prantl, Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 47 (1887). 
Genera: 4; 8 distributional centers according to Prantl, 
(1) N. extratropical regions (Fagus, Castanea § Eucastanea, 
Quercus); (2) tropical Asia (Quercus § Pasania, Castanea § 
Castanopsis): (8) Antartic S. America, New Zealand, 8S. Aus- 
tralia (Nothofagus). 
Species: 850+, living; 200-225; fossil, Cretaceous, Ter- 
tiary and Recent. 
Quercus LINN. Gen. 726 (17387). 
Cyclobalanus, Cyclobalanopsis, Pasania OErRst. Liebm. 
Chénes. Amer. Trop. 19, 20 (1837?). 
Synaedrys LinpL. Introd. ed. 2, 441 (1835). 
Lithocarpus BLuME, FI. Jav. Cupul. 34, t. 20 (18322). 
