LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 191 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. VI, 256; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. III. 407; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan, 381; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 55 (Prantl); 
Schenck, Palaeophyt. 433. 
Living species: 800+; 300 (B. and H.); temperate and 
tropical regions; especially Europe, tropical and West Asia; 
N. America; absent from S. America, S. Africa, Australia and 
Oceanica. Europe, 25; Russia, 10; tropical Asia, 150+; North 
America and Mexico, 100+; U. S. 50+;H. Sts, 19; S. Sts., 
21; Canada, 12-18; California and Pac. U.S., 25; Pl. Wheel., 
10; (see W. Am. Oaks, Kellogg, Greene and McDonald). 
Fossil species: 200+ described; Lower Cretaceous, 
Quercophyllum, 2 sp. Potomac beds (Fontaine); Upper Creta- 
ceous, Colo., Neb., Kan., Wyoming (Lesquereaux, Ward, New- 
berry, Heer); Tertiary, N. America, Australia, Sumatra, Java, 
Japan, Greenland, Alaska, Spitzbergen, France, Italy ( Saporta, 
Heer, Ettinghausen, Brongniart, Géppert, Unger, Nathorst; Les- 
quereaux, etc.) Pliocene and Quaternary, Ohio, Italy, Japan 
(Newberry, Géppert, Saporta, Nathorst); Amber, Baltic region 
( Conwentz). 
Quercus velutina Lam. Enc. Meth. II, 721 (1789). 
Q. discolor Atr. Hort. Kew. III, 358 (1789). 
QY. tinctoria BARTR. Trav. 2 ed. 37 (1791). 
Q. tinctoria var. angulosa Micux. Fl. N. Am. II, 198 (1803) 
Q. tinctoria var. sinuosa Micux. Fl. N. Am. II, 198 (1803). 
Q. coccinea var. tinctoria GRAY, Man. 5 ed. 454 (1868). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 477; Britt., FJ. N. J. 244; Mac., 
Fl. Can. I, 443; Upham, Fl. Minn. 126; Chap., Fl. 8. St. 422; Cov., Fl. Ark. 
221; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. III, 1, 57. 
North America: S. Maine, W. Ont. to Minn.; S. to N. 
J., Ga., Tex.; W. to Kan. and Ark. 
Minn. valley: Forest district throughout; woods and 
hillsides. 
HERB.: Sheldon £75, Madison Lake, Blue Earth Co.; 
Taylor 332, Janesville; Ballard 329n, Belle Plaine; Sandberg 
499, Red Wing; Holzinger 254, Winona Co. 
Quercus rubra Linn. Spec. 996 (1753). 
Q. ambigua Micox. Am. Arb. II, 120 (1810). 
Q. coccinea var. ? rubra Spacu, Veg. IT, 165 (1834). 
Q. rubra var. runcinata A. DC. Prodr. XVI, 2, 60 (1864). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 477; Britt.,Fl. N. J. 224; Webb., 
Fl. Neb. 109; Upham, Fl. Minn. 127; Chap., Fl. 8. St. 422; Mac., Fl. Can. 
J, 442; II, 356; Cov., Fl. Ark. 221; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. III, 1, 56. 
North America: Q., Ont. to height of land W. of L. 
Superior, at L. Namakeen; 8S. to N. J. and Fla.; W. to 
Minn., Neb,. Kan., Mo. and Ark. 
