LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 201 
XXXI. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort 
Family. 
Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 344 (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl, III, 121 
(1880); Solereder in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 264 (1889). 
Genera: 5; warmer and tropical regions; principally 
S. America, and absent from Australia. Doubtful remains in 
Cretaceous and Tertiary. 
Species: 200; 90 per cent. in genus Aristolochia of the 
tropical and subtropical regions. 
ASARUM Linn. Gen. 385 (1737). 
Heterotropa Morr. and DECNE. Ann. Sci. Nat. II, 2, 314 (1834). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. IX, 21; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. III, 122; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 345; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 271 (Solereder); 
Schenck, Palaeophyt. 107. 
Living species: 18; temperate regions, N. hemisphere; 
Europe, 1; Himalayas, 1; Japan, 7; North America, 4; E. Sts., 
8; Canada, 2; S. Sts., 3; California, 3. 
Fossil species: Cretaceous of Nebraska and Hurope? 
Asarum canadense Linn. Spec. ed. 2, 633 (1762). 
A. carolinianum WALT. FI. Car. 143 (1788). 
A. latifolium Sautiss. Prodr. 344 (1796). 
A, villosun MUHL. Cat. (1813). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 445; Britt., Fl. N. J. 212; Mac., Fl. 
Can. I, 418; Upham, Fl. Minn. 116; Chap., Fl. 8. St. 371; Cov., Fl. Ark. 216; 
Engl. Solered. Nat. Pflanz. III, 1, 271. 
North America: N. Br., Q., Ont. to 49° N. lat. in 
Man. and Saskatchewan; S. to N. Eng., N. J., N. Car. and W. 
to Minn. and Dak. 
Minn valley: Throughout; shaded river banks and 
moist woodland. 
HERB.: Sheldon 146, Madison Lake; Ballard 52n, 
Chaska; Holzinger 193, Winona Co.; Kassube 206, Minneapolis; 
Arthur 159, Vermilion lake; Leonard 42, Minneapolis; Winchell 
19, Minneapolis; Sandberg 475, Goodhue Co.; Herb. Sheld. 1875, 
Ramsey Co.; Herb. Wickersheim 110, Idlewild, Lincoln Co. 
ARISTOLOCHIA Linn. Gen. 639 (1787). 
Glossula RAF. ex. Baillon. 1. c. (1888). 
Pistolochia Rar. ex. Baillon, 1. c. (1888). 
? Endodeca RaF. ex. Bailion, 1. c. (1888). 
Howardia and Einomenia Kiorzscy, Monatb. Berl. 607 (1859). 
Siphisia Rar. Med. FI. I, 62 (1828). 
Hocquartia Dum. Comm. Bot. 30 (1822). 
Holostylis DUCHARTRE. Ann. Sci. Nat. 4,11, 33 (1835). 
Guaco LigBM. Forh. Scand. Nat. 203 (1844). 
