220 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. IX, 109; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 147; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 29; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I b, 70 (Pax). 
Living species: 300+; 480+ described; 250 (Durand); 
31+, N. America; 12-15, S. Africa; the rest in the Mediter- 
ranean region and extra-tropical Asia. Russia, 70; Hurope, 
150+; Russian Europe, 37; Calif., 22; Canada, 12-15; E. Sts., 
8; S. Sts., 9; W. Tex., 2; Pl King, 5; Pl. Wheel., 6; Rocky 
mts., 6. 
Silene antirrhina Linn. Spec. 419 (1753). 
Saponaria dioica CHAM. and Scuu. Linn. I, 38 (1826). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 84; Coult., Fl. Colo. 32; Webb., 
Fl. Neb. 114; Chap., Fl. S. St. 52; Upham, Fl]. Minn. 32; Britt., Fl. N. J. 
61; Brew. and Wats., Fl. Calif. I, 63; Mac., Fi. Can. I, 67; Engl. Pax, Nat 
Pflanz. ITI, 1, 72; Coult., Fl. Tex. 29; Greene, Fl. Fran. 116; Wats., King 
Exp. 36, 432; Cov., Fl. Ark. 168; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 106. 
North America: Ottawa to Vancouver; S. to Cailif., 
Colo., Tex., and E. to Maine and Fla.; Gt. Basin. 
Minn. valley: Forest region and wooded banks; es: 
pecially E. and S.; open places in woods. 
Hars.: Sheldon 713, Sleepy Eye; Taylor 476, Janes- 
ville; Ballard 248, Jordan, Scott Co.; Ballard 589, Crystal lake, 
Scott Co.; Kassube 42, Mendota; Holzinger 37, Winona Co.; 
Herrick 50, Minneapolis; Sandberg 92, Cannon Falls. 
Silene virginica Linn. Spec. 419 (1753) in part. 
S. catesbaeti WALT. FI. Car. 141 (1788). 
S. coccinea MoENcH, Suppl. 306 (1802). 
Melandryum virginicum A, Br. Reg. Flora (1843). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 84; Britt., Fl. N. J. 61; Upham, 
Fl. Minn. 31; Chap., FI. S. st. 51; Mac., Fl. Can. i 67; Wats., King Exp. 
431; Cov., Fl. Ark. 168; Wats., Bibl. Ind. 110. 
North America: S. W. Ont., W. N. Y. to N. J.; S. to 
Tenn.; W. to Minn., Ark. and Nev. 
Minn. valley: Nicollet Co.; local and rare. 
Silene alba Munu. Cat. (1818). 
Cucubalus niveus Nutr. Gen. I, 287 (1818). 
Silene nivea DC. Prodr. I, 377 (1824). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 84; Upham, Fl. Minn. 31; Wats., 
King Exp. 431; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 108. 
North America: Penn. to Iowa and Minn. 
Minn. valley: S. and E.; rare; localities like S. stel- 
lata (Linn.). 
HERB.: Holzinger 36, Winona Co.; Sandberg 91, Can- 
non Falls. 
