232 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Ulm and N. in valley; damp woods and banks. 
HeRB.: Sheldon 178, Hagle Lake, Blue Earth Co.; 
Winchell 1, Minneapolis; Sandberg 34, Red Wing; Herb. Sheld. 
1831, Minneapolis. . 
ACTAEA Linn. Gen. 427 (1787). 
Cimicifuga Linn. Am. Acad. VIII, 193 (1755). 
Botrophis Rar. Med. Rep. II, hex. V, 350 (1808). 
Macrotys Rar. 1. c. (1808). 
Pityrosperma Sip. and Zucc. Act. Monae. III, 734 (1848). 
Actinospora Turcz. Mss., F. and M. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. 2, TV, 
333 (1835). ; 
Christophoriana Tourn. Inst. 299 (1700). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. I, 88; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 9; Engler and 
Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, II, 59; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 2; Gray, Ill. Gen. 
49, 51. ; 
Living species; 50 described; 10 (B. and H.); 12 Du- 
rand); Russia, 7+; Europe, 2; Asia, 10; North America, 8; 
Canada, 4-5; Calif., 4; S. Sts.. 4; Rocky mts., 2. 
Actaea alba (Linn.) Mitu. Dict. (1768). 
A. spicata var. alba LINN. Spec. 504 (1753). 
A. americana var. A PursH, FI. Am I, 366 (1814). 
A. brachypetala var. A DC. Syst. I, 385 (1818). 
A. pachypoda Evi. Sk. IT, 15 (1824). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 48; Britt., Fl. N. J. 40; Upham, 
Fl. Minn. 21; Chap., Fl. S. St. 11; Mac., Fl. Can. 27; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 
2; Greene, Pittonia, II, 107. 
North America: Anticosti, N. S.. N. Br., Q., Ont., 
Man. to Coast range in Brit. Col.; S. to N. Eng., N. J. and S. 
Car.; W. to Ark., Mo., Minn. and Dak. 
Minn. valley: Forest region with dA. rubra (Ait.). 
Perhaps rather less abundant. 
HERB.: Taylor 701, Minnesota lake; Sheldon 804, Sigel 
township, Brown Co.; Ballard 405, Jordan, Scott Co.; Herrick 
21, Minneapolis; Sandberg 39, Red Wing; Bailey 119, Vermilion 
lake; Sandb:rg 40, Chisago lake. 
Actaea rubra (AiT.) WitLp. Enum. 561 (1809). 
A. spicata var. rubra ArT. Hort. Kew. II, 221 (1789) 
A. americana var. B PursH, H'l. Am. 366 (1814). 
A. brachypetala var. B DC. Syst. I, 385 (1818). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 48: Coult., Fl. Colo. 11; Webb., Fl. 
Neb. 115; Upham, Fl. Mion. 21; Britt., Fl. N. J. 40; Regel, Fl. O.-Sib. I, 
119; Mac., Fl. Can, I, 27; Forbes and Hems., Fl. Sin. I, 2t, species spicata; 
Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. ILI, 2,59?; Led., Fl. Ross. 1,71; Nym., Fl. Eur.; 
Herd., Fl. Eur. Russ. 10; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 2; Hart., Scand. Fl. (A. 
spicata), I, 176. 
? Temperate and Arctic Europe; Russ. to Caucasus and 
