256 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
XLV. CRUCIFERAE. Mustard Family. 
Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 861 (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 58 (1862); 
Prantl, Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, II, 145 (1890); Baillon, Hist. Pi. 
III, 181 (1871). 
Genera: 160— 200; cosmopolitan; centers of distribu- 
tion in boreal region and Mediterranean region. Fossil forms 
poorly understood; principally old world plants. 
Species: 2000+; reduced to 1200 (B. and H.); most 
numerous in the Orient. 
THELYPODIUM Enpu. Gen. 4915 (1836-40). 
Pachypodium Nort. Torr. and Gray, Fl. N. Am. I, 96 (1838). 
Macropodium Hook. Bot. Beech. 74 (1841). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. III, 248; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 81; Engler 
and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, II, 155 (Prantl); Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 13. 
Living species: 15+; mostly Calif. and Rocky mts. 
North America, 15; Calif., 10; W. Tex., 5; Rocky mts., 7; Pl. 
King, 9; Pl. Wheel., 5; E. Sts., 1; Canada, 1; S. Sts., 1. 
Thelypodium pinnatifidum (Micux.) S. Watson, King 
Exp. 25 (1871). 
Hesperis (?) pinnatifida Micux. Fl. N. Am. II, 31 (1803). 
Cheiranthus hesperioides T. and G. Fl. N. Am. I, 72 (1838). 
Iodanthus hesperioides T. and G. Gen. I, 134 (1849). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 72; Upham, Fl. Minn. 25; Chap., 
Fl. S. St. 25; Cov., Fl. Ark. 165; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 73. 
North America: Penn. to Ohio and Minn.; S. to Tex. 
Minn. valley: Only S. HE. edge of valley and rare; 
stony places. 
HeERB.: Sandberg 64, Red Wing. 
LEPIDIUM Linn. Gen. 527 (1787). 
Physolepidium ScHRENK. Enum. 97 (1841-42). 
Manoploga BuNGE, PI. Preiss. I, 259 (1836). 
Cardaria Drsvx. Jour. Bot. III, 163 (1810). 
Lepia Desvx. Jour. Bot. III, 166 (1810). 
Cynocardamum Wess, Phyt. Can. I, 96 (1836). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. III, 284; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 87; Engler 
and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I1, 160 (Prantl); Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 17; 
O. Kuntze,-Rev. Gen. Pl. I, 34; Gray, Ill. Gen. 1, 167; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 
514. 
Living species: 100+; 60-80 (B. and H.); all regions 
except arctic and alpine. Russia, 20; Europe, 25; European 
Russia, 9; North America, 17; Pl. King, 9; Pl. Wheel., 5; W. 
Tex., 4; Canada, 38-7; S. Sts., 1; E. Sts., 2. 
Fossil species: 1, Upper Miocene, Europe (Heer); 
doubtful. 
