LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 283 
S. and Mid. Russ. to Hungary; all Siberia and Man- 
churia; China; intro. in W. Europe. 
North America: Newf., N. S. to Rocky mts.; N. on 
Mackenzie to Arctic sea; Alaska; S. to N. Eng., N. J. and Ga,; 
W. to Minn., Mo. and Ark, 
Minn. valley: Throughout; wet places, edges of 
prairie sloughs and forest-meadows. 
HeRsB.: Ballard 508, Prior’s lake, Scott Co.; Ballard 
721, Benton, Carver Co.; Ballard 877, Waconia; Taylor 866, 
Glenwood; Sheldon 356, Smith’s Mills, Blue Earth Co.; Taylor 
719, Minnesota lake; Sheldon 920, Sleepy Eye; Sheldon 615, 
Wilton, Waseca Co.; Herrick 87, Minneapolis; Sandberg 157, 
Red Wing; Kassube 64, Minneapolis; Bailey 95, Vermilion lake; 
Herb. Moyer 69, Chippewa Co. 
PIRUS Linn. Gen. 145 (1737). 
Sorbus Linn. Gen. 144 (1737). 
Malus Rupr. FI. Jen. ed. 3, 141 (1745). 
Cydonia, Malus, Sorbus, Pirus Tourn. Inst. 628, seq. (1700). 
Torminalis, Lazarolus, Aucuparia and Chamaemespilus 
Mepic. Phil. Bot. I, 134-138 (1789). 
Pirophorum, Apirophorum Neck. Elem. II, 72 (1790). 
Hahnia MeEpic. Gesch. Bot. 81 (1793). 
Azarolus Borku. Handb. Forst. Bot. II, 1224 (1800). 
Aronia Pers. Syn. LI, 39 (1807) excl. Amelanchier. 
Aria Host. Fl. Austr. II, 7 (1831). 
Cormus Spacu, Suit. Buff. II, 96 (1834). 
Torminaria RoEM. Syn. Monog. III, 101 (1847). 
Micromeles DEecnE. Nouv. Arch. Mus. X, 168 (1861). 
Chloromeles DEcNE. FI. Serr. XXIII, 156 (—-). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. I, 475; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 626: Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 114: Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pyflanz. 3, III, 22 (Focke); 
Schenck, Paleophyt. 671; Sargent, N. Am. Silva IV, 67. 
Living species: 50-60 or less; temperate N. hemi- 
sphere, mts. of tropical. India. Russia, 20; Himalayas, 22; 
Europe, 15; Russian Europe, 11; N. America, 7; Canada, 6; E. 
Sts., 5; S. Sts., 4; Mid. Calif., 1; Rocky mts., 1; Pl. King, 1. 
Fossil species: Several; Tertiary of Spitzbergen and 
Greenland (Heer.); Japan (Nathorst); Bilin (Httinghausen); 
Cretaceous, Kansas (Newberry); Europe (Unger); Tuscany 
(Gaud.); Quaternary travertines, Kutschlin (Ettinghausen and 
Engler). 
Pirus sambucifolia CHamM. and ScHLEecHtT. Linn. II, 36 
(1827). 
Sorbus aucuparia var. B. Micux. Fl. Bor.-Am. I, 290 (1803). 
S. aucuparia SCHRANK, PI. Labr. 25 (1830?) in part. 
