356 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Minn. valley: local; New Ulm; rare; sandy ridges and 
rocks. 
Ceanothus americanus LInN. Spec. 195 (1758). 
C. trinervus MoENCH, Meth. 651 (1794). 
C. herbaceus RAF. Med. Repos. V, 360 (1808). 
C. perennis and intermedius PursH, Fl. Am. 167 (1814). 
« C. sanguineus Nutr. Gen. I, 153 (1818). 
C. officinalis RAF. Med. Bot. II, 205 (1830). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 112; Britt., Fl. N. J. 77; Upham, 
Fl. Minn. 39; Webb., Fl. Neb. 122: Chap‘, Fl. S. St. 74; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 
95; Coult., Fl. Tex. 60; Cov., Fl. Ark. 172; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 163. 
North America: Ont. to Man.; S. to N. Eng., N. J, 
and Fla.; W. to Minn., Neb., Ark., Miss. and W. Tex. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; dry and open woodland 
and along river banks. 
HeErRB.: Sheldon 1171, New Ulm; Ballard 740, Waco- 
nia; Sheldon 931, Redwood Falls; Ballard 465, Prior’s lake, 
Scott Co.; Sheldon 734, Sleepy Eye; Ballard 566, Prior’s lake, 
Scott Co.; Herrick 66, Minneapolis; Kassube 49, Rocky lake; 
Sandberg 115, Red Wing. 
RHAMNUS Linn. Gen. 165 (1737) em. 
Alaternus Tourn. Inst. 595 (1700). 
Frangula MorencuH, Meth. Suppl. 271 (1802). 
Marcorella Neck. Elem. 799 (1790). 
Cardiolepis RAFIN. Neogen, 2 (1825). 
Sciadophila Purn. Linon. XXVIII, 618 (1854). 
Rhamnella Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III, 30 (1857). 
Microrhamnus Maxim. Mem. Ac. Petr. 
Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 377; Baillon, Hist. Pl. VI, 74; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 68; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 585. 
Living species: 70+; temperate regions of Europe, 
Asia and America; afew in the tropics; absent from Africa, 
Australia and Oceanica. N. America, 6-7; E. Sts., 3, W. Sts., 
3-4. 
Fossilspecies: Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary; Green- 
land, W. America, Siberia, Europe, Azores, Switzerland, Java; 
15-20 sp. (Lesquereaux, Heer, Goppert). 
Rhamunus alnifolia L"'Her. Sert. Angi. 5 (1788), 
fi. franguloides Micux. Fl. Am. I, 153 (1803). 
&. alpinus Ricw. Frankl. Journ. 6 (1823), 
Girtanneria alnifolia and franguloides Rar. FI. Tellur. 28 (1836). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 111; Britt., Fl. N. J. 76; Wats., 
Bibl. Ind. I, 168; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 96; Webb., Fl. Neb. 122; Upham, Fl. 
Minn. 38. 
