266 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Genera: 18-20; cosmopolitan. 
Species: 250+; cosmopolitan; herbaceous in temper- 
ate, shrubby in tropical regions. 
VIOLA Linn. Gen. 679 (1787). 
Mnemion Spacu, Suit. Buff. V, 510 (1836). 
Chrysion Spacu, 1. c. 509 (1836). 
Lophion Spc, 1. c. 516 (1836). 
Erpetion DC. ex Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 170 (1823). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. LV, 351; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. I, 117; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 23; Gray, Jil. Gen. I, 185. 
Living species; 250 described; 150 reduced; 100 (B. 
and H.); three-fourths in temperate northern hemisphere, rest 
in southern; almost the whole earth (Durand). Russia, 40+; 
Europe, 56; Russian Europe, 26; N. America, 35; Calif., 15; 
Canada, 27-30; E. Sts., 17-19; Rocky mts., 8-10; S. Sts., 16; 
Pl. King, 8-9; Pl. Wheel., 4; W. Tex., 4. 
Viola sylvestris Lam. Fl. Fr. II, 680 (1778). 
. uliginosa MuHL. Cat. 25 (1813). 
. debilis PursH, Fl. Am. 174 (1814). 
. muhlenbergiana GiInerIns, DC. Prodr. I, 297 (1824). 
. muhlenbergit Torr. FI. U.S. 1, 256 (1824). 
- canina var. sylvestris REGEL, FI. O.-Sib. I, 245 (1862). 
. canina var. muhlenbergii TRAUTV. Fl. Sib. 28 (1877). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 81; Britt., Fl. N. J. 57; Upham, 
Fl. Minn, 29; Chap., Fl. 8. St. 34; Brew. and Wats., Fl. Calif. 56; Mac., 
FI]. Can. I, 63; Led., Fl. Ross. I, 253; Herd., Fl. Russ. Eur. 22; Roth., 
Wheel. Exp. 68; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 82; Forbes and Hems., Fl. Sin. 55. 
Russian Europe; Siberia to Baikals, Amur., Kamtka , 
NNNNAN 
China. 
North America: Greenland to Alaska; S. thro. Can. 
to N. Eng., N. J. and Va.; W. to Minn., Dak. and Colo. 
Minn. valley: N.H. and N. edge; forest region and in 
tamarack swamps. 
HeEerRsB.: Sheldon 1605, Ramsey Co. 
Viola striata Arr. Hort. Kew. III, 290 (1789). 
V. debilis Micux. FI. I, 150 (1803). 
V. lewisiana Ging. DC. Prodr. I, 298 (1824). 
V. ochroleuca Scuw. Am. Journ. Sci. I, 5, 66 (1824), 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 80; Britt., Fl. N. J. 57; Chap., Fl. 
§. St. 34; Upham, Fl. Minn. 29; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 63; Wats., Bibl. Ind. 
I, 87. 
North America: Ont. and N. Eng. to mts. of Ga; W. 
to Minn. and Mo. 
Minn. valley: N. edge and to the W. edge on higher 
levels; flat and wooded grounds. 
