LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 871 
8. St. 33; Upham, Fl. Minn. 29; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 63, 492; Cov., Fl. Ark. 
167; Wats., Bibl. Ind. 1, 85. 
North America: Lat. 538° N. on Saskatchewan; N. 
Eng. to Minn.; S. to N. J., Tenn., Mo. and Ark. 
Minn. valley: Ft. Snelling to Brown Co. and along N. 
edge; rich prairies or drift-covered hillsides. 
HERB.: Sheldon 969, Sleepy Eye; Kassube 38, St. 
Anthony Park; Oestlund 17, Hennepin Co.; Sandberg 81, Red 
Wing; Holzinger 30, Winona Co.; Herb. Sheld. 1836, Minnea- 
polis. 
LXXIII. CACTACEAE. Cactus Family. 
Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 942 (1836-40), Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant. I, 
845 (1868); Baillon, Hist. Pl. IX, 28 (1888). 
Genera: 18; tropical and sub-tropical America; ex- 
tending to Canada and Central Chile; 1 in Africa, Madagascar 
and Mauritius. ; 
_ Species: 1000+ ; almost all contined to desert places. 
OPUNTIA MiLu. Dict. ed. 8 (1768). 
Cactus Linn. Gen. ed. VI, 616 (1764) in part. 
Tuna Ditu. Hort. Elth. 383 (1774). 
Consolea LEMAIRE, ex Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 153 (1888). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1X, 40; Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. I, 851; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 153.. 
Living species: 200 described; tropical and warmer 
America, 1 sp. in old world. Perhaps only 30 distinct; W. 
Tex., 19; HE. Sts., 4; Canada, 4; Rocky mts., 6; 5S. Sts., 4; Cali- 
fornia, 14-17; Pl. Wheel, 18; Pl. King, 11. 
Opuntia fragilis (NuTT.) Haw. Syn. Succ. Suppl. 82 (1819). 
Cactus fragilis Nurr. Gen. I, 296 (1818). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 197; Webb., Fl. Neb. 125; Upham, 
Fl. Minn. 59; Coult., Fl. Colo. 112; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 532; Wats., King. Exp. 
119; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 406. 
North America: Vancouver to Brit. Col. and S. Man.; 
Upper Missouri and Yellowstone to N. Mex; E. to Minn, 
Wisc., Iowa, Neb. and Kan. 
Minn. valley: S. W. district; rocks and ledges or dry 
hillsides, New Ulm? to Dakota line. 
HerB.: Sheldon 1494, Pipestone City; Sheldon 958, 
Redwood Falls. 
Opuntia missouriensis DC. Prodr. III, 472 (1828). 
Cactus feroxr Nutr. Gen. I, 296 (1818) not Willd. 
Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Syn. Succ. Suppl. 82 (1819). 
