372 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 197; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 177; Webb., 
Fl. Neb. 125; Coult., Fl. Colo. 111; Upham, Fl. Minn. 59; Wats., King Exp. 
118; Roth., Wheel. Exp. 129; Cov., Fl. Ark. 184; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 407. 
North America: Colo. and Mont. to Neb., Minn., 
Kan., Ark., Mo. and Wisc. 
Minn. valley: S. W. edge; ledges of quartzite or 
syenitic rock; rare. 
HeErRB.: Sheld. 1495, Pipestone City; Huntington 27, 
Rock Co. 
Opuntia rafinesquii ENGeELM. Pac. R. R. Rep. IV, 41 
(1856). 
Cactus opuntia ToRR. Fl. U.S. 466 (1824) in part. 
Opuntia mesacantha and caespitosa RAF. Bull. Bot. (1830). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 197; Webb., Fl. Neb. 125; Upham, 
Fil. Minn. 59; Coult., Fl. Col. 111; Cov., Fl. Ark. 184; Coult., Fl. Tex. 135; 
Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 408. 
North America: Ont. to Nantucket, N. J. and Fla; 
Mississippi valley; Mich., Minn. to Neb., Kan., Ky., Ark., 
Colo. and W. Tex. . 
Minn. valley: Central S. district, on ledges of rock in 
bed of river Warren; New Ulm to Dakota line. 
HeERB.: Sheldon 1204, Redstone, near New Ulm. 
LXXIV. THYMELAEACEAE, Mezereum 
Family. 
Lindl. Veg. King 530 (1846); Baillon, Hist. Pl. VI, 100 (1877); Endlicher, 
Gen. Pl. 329, 332 (1836-40)—Daphnoideae and Agquilarineae; Bentham and 
Hooker, Gen. Plant. III, 186 (1880). 
Genera: 37+; temperate regions, especially abundant 
in Australia, S. Africa and Mediterranean region. 
Species: 875+, living; 30-40 fossil in Tertiary rocks. 
DIRCA Linn. Diss. Chenon. (1751), Gen. V, 487 (1754). 
Dofia ADANS. Fam. II, 285 (1763). 
Baillon, Hist, Pl. VI, 130; Benth. and Hook. Gen. Pl. III, 191; Durand, 
Ind. Gen. Phan. 354. 
Living species: 1-2; E U.S. and California. 
Pirca palustris Linn. Amoen. III, 12 (1756). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 448; Britt., Fl. N. J. 213; Mac., 
Fl. Can. I, 420; Chap., Fl. 8S. St. 395; Upham, Fl. Minn. 121; Cov., Fl. 
Ark. 217. 
North America: N. Br., Q., Ont. to Owen Sound; S. to 
Fla.; W. to Minn., Mo., Neb.? and Ark. 
Minn. valley: Forest district and N. edge; banks of 
streams and low thickets. 
