416 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
eaux); Pliocene, France (Saporta, Unger). Several (10-15) sp. 
described. 
Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam. Enc. Meth. II, 549 (1786). 
Ff. nigra MARSH. Arbust. Amer. 51 (1785). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 336; Upham, Fl. Minn. 115; Mac., 
Fl. Can. I, 317; Britt., Fl. N. J. 167; Cov., Fl. Ark. 202; Gray, Syn. Fl. II, 
1, 76. 
North America: Anticosti to L. Superior reg., Man. 
and Saskatchewan; 8. to Minn., Mo. and Ark.; E. to N. Eng., 
N. J., Va. and Ky. 
Minn. valley: Reported from N. and N. W. districts; 
rich woods and banks or shores. 
Hers.: Bailey 346, St. Louis river. 
Fraxinus pubescens Lam. Ene. Meth. II, 548 (1786). 
F. nigra Du Rot, Diss. (1771). 
F. pennsylvanica MARSH. Arbust. Amer. 51 (1785). 
F. tomentosa Micux. f. Sylva, 119 (1810). 
F. oblongocarpa Bucky. Proc. Acad. Phil. (1862). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 336; Britt., Fl. N. J. 167; Coult., 
Fl. Colo. 236; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 316; Upham, Fl. Minn. 115; Webb., Fl. 
Neb. 140; Chap., Fl. S. St. 370; Gray, Syn. FI. II, 1, 75; Engl. Knobl., Nat. 
Pflanz. IV, 2, 7; Coult., Fl. Tex. 259. 
North America: N.S., Q., Ont. to Man. and Saskatch- 
ewan, and 58° N. lat.; S. to Minn., Dak., Neb., Ill., Ohio and 
E. U.S. to Fla. Tex.? 
Minn. valley: N. E. district; local or rare; rich woods 
and banks of lakes or streams. 
HERB.: Bailey 56 and 58, Vermilion lake. 
Fraxinus viridis Micux. f. Sylv. 120 (1810). 
F. juglandifolia WiLLD. Spec. IV, 1104 (1805). 
F. concolor MuHL. Cat. (1813). 
F. caroliniana PorsH, Fl. Am. I, 9 (1814). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Mau. 6 ed. 336; Britt., Fl. N. J. 167; Upham, 
Fl. Minn., 115; Webb., Fl. Neb. 140; Chap., Fl. 8. St. 370; Mac., Fl. Can. 
I, 316; Coult., Fl. Colo. 236; Roth., Wheel. Exp. 185; Wats., King Exp. 
284; Cov., Fl. Ark. 202; Gray, Syn. Fl. II, 1, 75; Coult., Fl. Tex. 259. 
North America: Owen Sound to Man. and Assiniboia; 
S. to Dak., Neb., Ark., Tex., and E. to N. Eng., N. J. and Fla. 
Minn. valley: Throughout to Pommes des Terres and 
Cottonwood valleys; rich woods and shores or banks. 
HERB.: Taylor 14, Elysian; ? Taylor 663, Cobb river, 
Blue Earth Co.; Menzel 6, Pipestone. 
Fraxinus americana LINN. Spec. 2 ed. 1510 (1762). 
F,. alba MarsH. Arbust. Amer. 51 (1785). 
F. acuminata LAM. Enc. Meth. II, 542 (1786). 
