LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUUING PLANTS. 459 
15; Rocky mts., 5; S. Sts., 10; California, 5; E. Sts., 6; PI. 
Wheel., 6; Canada, 3; Pl. King, 2; W. Tex. 11. 
Fossil species: Solanites, Oligocene—Aix (Saporta). 
Solanum nigrum Linn. Spec. 266 (17538). 
S. pterocaulon 
S. crenato - dentatum DC. Prodr. XIII, 359 (1852). 
S. ptycanthum 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 374; Britt., Fl. N. J. 181; Upham, 
F). Minn. 111; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 348; Chap., Fl. 8S. St. 348; Webb., Fl. Neb. 
136; Coult., Fl. Colo. 268; Brew. and Wats., FI. Calif. I, 588; Forbes and 
Hens., Fl. Sin. IT, 171; Hook., Fl. Gt. Brit. 287; Led., Fl. Ross. III, 188; 
Nym., Fl. Eur.; Herd., Fl. Eur. Russ. 94; Wats., King Exp. 274; Roth:, 
Wheel. Exp. 207; Cov., Fl. Ark. 207; Gray, Syn. Fl. II, 1, 227; Hart., Fl. 
Scand. I, 103; Engl. v. Wetts., Nat. Pflanz. IV, 3 b, 22: Coult., Fl. Tex. 297. 
Cosmopolitan, temperate and tropical regions. 
North America: Throughout, except far north. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; common; low damp and 
rich soil; shaded places. 
Hers.: Taylor 903, Glenwood; Ballard 494, Prior’s 
lake, Scott Co.; Ballard 778, Swan lake, Carver Co.; Sheldon 
1013, Sleepy Eye; Holzinger 180, Winona Co.; Sandberg 459, 
Cannon Falls; Holzinger 181, Winona; Kassube 197, Minneapo- 
lis; Herrick 246, Minneapolis; Herb. Sheld. 1744, Minneapolis; 
Herb. Sheld. 1673, Ft. Snelling; Herb. Wickersheim 105, Ash lake, 
Lincoln Co. 
XCVI. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort 
Family. 
Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 670; DC., Prodr. X, 187 (1846)—Personatae, Antir- 
rhineae, Rhinanthaceae; Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant. II, 913 (1878); 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. IX, 413 (1888.; v. Wettstein in Engler and Prantl, Nat. 
Pflanz. IV, 3 b, 39 (1891). 
Genera: 150+, temperate and tropical regions. N. 
America, 88 gen., 380 spec.; Europe, 80 gen., 430 spec. (v. 
Wettst.). 
Species: 2100+; 3-4 fossil, doubtful. 
SCROPHULARIA Linn. Gen. 494 (1787). 
Ceremanthe ReEicH. Sax. FI. 230 (1842). 
Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. Il, 937; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan, 293; Bail- 
jon, Hist. Pl. IX, 4380; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. IV, 3 b, 65; 
Schenck, Palaeophyt. 778. 
Living species: 114; extra-tropical regions of N. hem- 
isphere; especially abundant in the Mediterranean region. 
