LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 469 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 389; Britt., Fl. N. J.189; Upham, 
Fl. Minn. 101; Cov., Fl. Ark. 208; Gray, Syn. Fl. II, 1, 292; Engler v. 
Wetts., Nat. Pflanz. IV, 38, 93. 
North America: Penn. to N. J. and N. Car.; W. to 
Minn., Mo. and Ark. 
Minn. valley: S. central district; infrequent; low or 
moist ground near bases of hills. 
Gerardia aspera DoucL. Benth. DC. Prodr. X, 520 (1846). 
G. longifolia BENTH. Comp. Bot. Mag. I, 208 (1835). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 390; Webb., Fl. Neb. 136; Mac.. 
Fl. Can. I, 363; Coult., Fl. Colo. 288; Upham, FI. Minn. 101; Cov., Fl. Ark. 
208; Gray, Syn. Fl. II, 1, 292; Engl. v. Wetts., Nat. Pflanz. IV, 36, 92; 
Coult., Fl. Tex. 314. 
North America: Saskatchewan and Red valleys to 
Minn., Dak., Neb., Ark. and Tex.; E. to Mich. and Ind. 
Minn. valley: N. W. and W.; damp or dry places on 
prairie. 
Hers.: Taylor 1074;, Winona lake, Douglas Co.; 
Sheldon 1363, Lake Benton; Sandberg 410, Red Wing. 
Gerardia purpurea Linn. Spec. 610 (1753) in part. 
G. maritima var. major CHAP. FI.S. St. 300 (1860). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 390; Britt., Fl. N. J. 188; Mac., 
Fl. Can. I, 363; Upham, Fl. Minn. 100; Webb., Fl. Neb. 136; Gray, Syn: 
Fl. II, 1, 298; Engl. v. Wetts., Nat. Pflanz. IV, 3 b, 92; Coult. Fl. Tex. 314. 
North America: S. Ont. and N. Eng. to Penn., N. J. 
and Fla., also in Cuba; W. to Minn., Neb., Miss. and Tex. 
Minn. valley: Throughout on higher levels; level 
ground or hillsides. 
Hers.: Taylor 1038, Glenwood; Kassube 169, Minne- 
apolis; Herrick 209, Minneapolis; Sandberg 409, Red Wing; the 
following are var. paupercula Gray; Ballard 844, Patterson 
lake, Carver Co.; Ballard 807, Goose lake, Carver Co.; Herb. 
Sheld. 1659, Minneapolis. 
Gerardia tenuifolia VAHL, Symb. ITI, 79 (1807). 
G. purpurea LINN. Spec. 610 (1753) in part. 
2G. erecta WALT. FI. Car. 170 (1788). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 390; Britt., Fl. N. J. 188; Webb., 
F]. Neb. 136; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 364, 571; Coult., Fl. Colo. 283; Chap., Fl. 
S. St. 300; Upham, Fl. Minn. 101; Cov., Fl. Ark. 209; Gray, Syn. Fl. IT, 1, 
294 and Suppl. Syn. IT, 452. 
North America: Q., Ont. to Man. and Minn.; 8S. to N. 
J. and Fla.; W. to Mich., Neb., Ark. and La. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; frequent; woods and hill- 
sides. 
