LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 479: 
Can. I, 200, 540; Upham, Fl. Minn. 67; Cov., Fl. Ark. 188; Engl. Schu- 
mann, Nat. Pflanz. IV, +, 27; Gray, Syn. FI. I, 2, 26; Coult., Fl. Tex. 159?. 
North America: Ont. to Man. and Assiniboia.; N. W. 
 T.; S. to Maine, N. J, and Ga.; W. to Minn., Mo., Ark. and Tex. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; woods and banks of streams. 
HERB.: Sheldon 1222, Red Stone, near New Ulm; Bal- 
lard 279, Jordan, Scott Co.; Bailey 474, Agate bay; Gedge 6, 
Granite Falls; Roberts 56, Kettle river; Sheldon 1622, Taylor’s 
Falls; MacM. and Sheld. 20, Brainerd, Herb. Moyer 104, Granite 
Falls; 105, Montevideo. 
GALIUM Linn. Gen. 65 (1787). 
Aparine LINN. Gen. 64 (1737). 
Microphysa SCHRENK. Bull. Acad. Petr. IT, 115 (1860). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. VII, 259 (sub Rubia Linn.); Benth. and Hook., Gen.. 
Pl. II, 149; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 186; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 785. 
Living species: 3800 described; 175 distinct. Russia, 
50; Europe, 100; Russian Europe, 20; North America, 35; Can- 
ada, 15; Rocky mts., 6-7; S. Sts., 9; California, 138; E. Sts., 18; 
Pl. King, 8; Pl. Wheel., 4; W. Tex., 9; all temperate and warmer 
regions. 
Fossil species: 1; Greenland, Tertiary (Heer). 
Galium triflorum Micux. Fl. N. Am. I, 80 (1803). 
G. suaveolens WAHL. FI. Lapp. 48 (1812). 
G. cuspidatum Muuy. Cat. 15 (1813). 
G. brachiatum Pursu, Fl]. Am. 103 (1814). 
G. pennsylvanicum BarT. Fl. Phil. 83 (1818). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 227; Britt., Fl. N. J. 126; Mac... 
FI). Can. I, 202; Chap., Fl. S. St. 174; Coult., Fl. Colo. 127; Webb., Fl. Neb. 
142; Wats., Fl. Calif. II, 284; Upham, Fl. Minn. 67; Nym., Fl. Eur.; Led., 
Fl. Ross. II, 413; Herd., Fl. Eur. Russ. 62; Wats., King. Exp. 135; Cov, 
Fl Ark. 188; Gray, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 39; Hart., Fl. Scand. I, 65. 
Europe; Asia to Japan. 
North America: Atl. to Pac. in Can.; to lat. 58° N. 
on Peace river; S. to N. Eng., Fla. and Miss.; W. to Minn., 
Neb., Colo. and Calif. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; woods and along river 
banks; rare far W.; rich woods. 
HEeRB.: Ballard 332, Belle Plaine; Ballard 699, Wa- 
conia; Taylor 822, Glenwood; Taylor 237, Janesville; Sheldon 234, 
Lake Washington, Le Sueur Co.; Sheldon 809, Sigel township, 
Brown Co.; Oestlund 82, Hennepin Co. ; Bailey 330, St. Louis river; 
Bailey 210, Vermilion lake; Bailey 505, Agate bay; Roberts 55, 
Duluth; Bailey 44, Vermilion lake; Sundberg 261, Chisago Co. 
