500 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Claotrachelus ZoLu. Geneesk. Arch. (1847). 
Llerasia TRIANA, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4, LX, 37 (1858). 
Turpinia Luav. and Lex. Nov. Veg. I, 24 (1824). 
Adenocyclus Less. Linn. IV, 337 (1830). 
Xiphochaeta PorEpp. et ENDL. N. Gen. III, 44 (1845). 
Lachnorhiza A. Ricw. Cub. Fl. II, 34 (1853). 
Carpophyllus ScHotr. Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 409 (1828). F 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. VIII, 118; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. II, 227; Du- 
rand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 139; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 794 (Compositae); Engler 
and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. IV, 5, 124 (Hoffmann). . 
Living species: 500+; America, 250; Africa, 100; Mad- 
agascar, 50; Asia, 50; cosmopolitan, except Europe. Centers 
in Brazil. 10-12, U.S. Canada, 2; Rocky mts., 2; E. Sts., 6; 
W. Tex., 6; more numerous in Mexico and on the border. 
Fossil species: A few seeds from the Miocene may be 
referred here with some hesitation. 
Vernonia fasciculata Micux. Fl. N. Am. II, 94 (1803). 
V. corymbosa SCHWEIN. Keat. Narr. Miss. (1825). 
V. altissima DC. Prodr. V, 15 (1836). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 238; Webb., Fl. Neb. 150; Upham, 
F]. Minn. 68; Coult., Fl. Colo. 141; Cov., Fl. Ark. 189; Gray, Syn. FI. I, 2, 
90; Coult., Fl. Tex. 175. 
North America: Minn., Dak., Colo. to Ohio, Ky., Neb., 
Ark. and Tex. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; common; meadows, prair- 
ies and river banks, wet places. 
HERD.: Sheldon 1351, Verdi, Lincoln Co.; Sheldon 1455, 
Pipestone Co.; Taylor 680, Minnesota lake; Sheldon 1015, Sleepy 
Eye; Sandberg 266, Goodhue Co.; Oestlund 83, Minneapolis; 
Herrick 136, Minneapolis; Herrick 137, Hennepin Co.; Herb. 
Moyer 106, Montevideo. 
Vernonia noveboracensis (LINN.) WILLD. Spec. III, 1632 
(1808). 
Serratula noveboracensis LINN. Spec. 818 (1753). 
S. praealta Linn. Spec. 818 (1753). 
Chrysocoma temeniosa WALT. FI. Car. 196 (1788). 
Vernonia tomentosa Eu. Sk. II, 288 (1824). 
V. praealta Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. I, 304 (1833). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 238; Britt.. Fl. N. J. 128; Mac., 
F). Can. J, 206; Chap., Fl. S, St. 188; Upham, Fl. Minn. 68; Cov., F). Ark. 
189; Gray, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 89; Webb., Appx. Neb. 44. 
North America: Ont. to Maine and N. J.; S. to Fila. 
and Miss.; W. to Minn., Neb., E. Kan., Ark. and Tex. 
Minn. valley: Reported from forest district; Ft. 
Snelling to Blue Earth Co.; rare; low grounds and near 
sloughs. 
