536 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
‘ HERB.: ?Ballard 14n, Chaska; Sandberg 317, Cannon 
alls. 
Xanthium canadenss MILL. var. echinatum (Murr. ) 
GRAY, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 252 (1886). 
X. echinatum MurR. Comm. Gott. VI, 32 (1792). 
xX. maculatum RaF. Am. Journ. Sci. I, 151 (1820). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 274; Britt., Fl. N. J. 143; Chap., 
Fl. S. St. 224; Mac.,Fl. Can. I, 241; Upham, Fl. Minn. 79; Coult., Fl. 
Tex. 211. 
South America: Chile. 
North America: N.S., Q., Ont., Man. to Minn.; S. to 
N. J., Penn. and N. Car. 
Minn. valley: S. E. and W. edges of valley; roadsides, 
fields and banks. 
HERB: Sheldon 1588, Lake Benton; Holzinger 123, 
Winona Co.; Holzinger 124, Winona Co. 
HELIOPSIS Pers. Syn. II, 473 (1807). 
Kallias Cass. Dict. XXIV, 326 (1834). 
Andrieuxia DC. Prodr. V, 559 (1836). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. VIII, 220; Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. II, 358; Du- 
rand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 208; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. IV, 5, 226. 
Living species: 7; N. and C. America, 6; C. America 
and Peru, 1; Canada, 2; R. mts., 1; E. Sts., 2; S. Sts., 1; Pl. 
Wheel., 1. 
Heliopsis scabra DunaL. Mem. Mus. V, 55 (18187). 
H. laevis var. scabra T. and G. FI. II, 303 (1841). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 275; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 242; Webb., 
Fl. Neb. 147; Upham, Fl. Minn. 79; Britt., Fl. N. J. 143; Mac., Fl. Can. I, 
549; Cov., Fl. Ark. 194; Gray, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 255. 
North America: N. Br.? to Red, Saskatchewan, As- 
siniboine valleys; N. to 49° N. lat.; S. toN. Y., N. J. and W. 
to Minn., Neb., Mo., Ark. and Tex. 
Minn. valley: Throughout; banks and thickets or 
hillsides in woods. 
Hers.: Ballard 736, Waconia; Sheldon 1590, Lake 
Benton; Taylor 476, Mud lake, Waseca Co.; Taylor 589, Minne- 
sota lake; Sheldon 1175, New Ulm; Ballard 197, Jordan, Scott 
Co.; Taylor 314, Janesville; Ballard 632, Chaska; Ballard 320, 
Belle Plaine; Taylor 779, Glenwood; Oestlund 96, Minneapolis; 
Holzinger 124, Winona; Sandberg 318, Goodhue Co.; Herb. 
Sheld, 1920, Minneapolis; Herb. Afoyer 134, Montevideo. 
RUDBECKIA Linn. Gen. 669 (1737). 
Echinacea MorencH, Meth. 591 (1794). 
Brauneria Neck. Elem. I. 17 (1790). 
