558 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 
Hers.: Ballard 519, Prior’s lake, Scott Co.; Ballard 
499, Scott Co.; Taylor 383, Janesville; Taylor 316, Janesville; 
Sheldon 1064, Elysian; Herrick 172, Sandy lake; Sandberg 347, 
Center City; Herb. Moyer 151, Stevens lake, Chippewa Co. 
CNICUS Linn. Gen. 633 (1787). 
Picnomon ADANS. Fam. II, 116 (1763). 
Breea Less. Syn. Comp. 9 (1832). 
Onopordum LINN Gen. 927 (1737). 
Acanos ADANS. Fam. II, 116 (1763). 
Lamyra, Platyraphium, Ptilostemon, Orthocentron, Lo- 
phiolepis, Eriolepis, Notobasis Cass. Dict. XX V-XLIV (1826). 
Echenais Cass. Bull. Philom. (1818). 
Spanioptilon Less. Comp. Syn. 10 (1832). 
Xylanthena, Cephalonoplos Neck. Elem. 67, 68 (1790). 
Chamaepeuce DC. Prodr. VI, 657 (1837). 
Ancathia DC. Guill. Arch. Bot. II, 331 (1833). 
Picnocomon and Acarna VAILL. Acad. Par. (1718). 
Epitrachys K. Kocu, Linn. XXIV, 396 (1850). 
Ornitrophis Cass. ex Dur. 1.c. (1888). 
Cirsium DC, Fi. Fr. IV, 110 (1805). 
Baillon, Hist. Pl. VILI, 5 (sub Carduus); Benth. and Hook., Gen. Pl. 
II, 468; Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 225, 
Living species: 175+; Europe; Asia; Africa; N. and S. 
America; extra-tropical. Introduced elsewhere. Europe, 65; 
Russia, 55; Russian Europe, 22; North America, 35; Rocky 
mts., 12; Canada, 18; E. Sts., 7;S. Sts., 9; California, 12-14; Pl. 
King, 5; Pl. Wheel., 8; W. Tex., 6. 
Cnicus odoratus (MuHL.) B.S. P. Cat. N. Y. (1888). 
Carduus odoratus MuHL. Cat. 70 (1813). 
Carduus pumilus and var. hystrix Nutr. Gen. II, 130 (1818). 
Cirsium pumilum SPRENG. Syst. III, 375 (1826). 
Onicus pumilus TorR. Compend. 282 (1826). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 296; Britt., Fl. N. J. 151; Mac., FI. 
Can. I, 269; Upham, Fl. Mion. 88; Gray, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 401. 
North America: Maine to Penn. and N. J.; W, to 
Man. and Minn. 
Minn. valley: N. H., N. and N. W. districts; dry fields 
or sparsely wooded ridges. 
Hers.: Ballard 574, Prior’s lake, Scott Co.; Taylor 
1018, Glenwood; Sandberg 351, Cannon Falls. 
Cnicus muticus (MicHx.) Pursy, Fl. Am. 506 (1814). 
Cirsium muticum Micux. Fl. Am. IT, 89 (1803). 
Carduus muticus and glaber (?) Nutr. Gen. II, 129 (1818). 
Cnicus glutinosus BiGEL. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 291 (1824). 
Cirsium bigelovit DC. Prodr. VI, 640 (1837). 
Wats. and Coult., Gray’s Man. 6 ed. 296; Britt., Fl. N. J. 151; Upham, 
