X ENTERIC CANAL 497 



what displaced backwards to show the ramifications of the coeliac artery (ca^. ft) ; 

 the duodenum is spread out to the right of the subject to show the pancreas (/?0 : 

 the branches of the bile-duct (c. 6. rf), portal vein (/. v) and hepatic artery (//. a) 

 are supposed to be traced some distance into the various lobes, of the liver. 

 a. m. a, anterior mesenteric artery ; can. caudate lobe of liver with its artery, vein 

 and bile-duct ; c, b. d, common bile-duct ; cd. st. cardiac portion of stomach ; 

 c. il. a, common iliac artery ; Cte. a, coeliac artery ; cy. a. cystic artery ; cy. d. 

 cystic duct ; d. ao. dorsal aorta ; dtt. proximal, and dii' . distal limbs of duodenum ; 

 dii. a. and by. a. duodenal artery ; du. h. a. (in A\ duodeno-hepatic artery ; g. n. 

 gastric artery and vein ; p-. b. gall bladder ; h. a. hepatic artery ; k. d. left hepatic ' 

 duct ; /. c. left central lobe of liver, with its artery, vein, and bile-duct ; l.g. v. 

 lieno-gastric vein ; /. /. left lateral lobe of liver, with its artery, vein, and bile-duct; 

 tHS. branch of mesenteric artery and vein to duodenum ; vis. r. mesentery of 

 the rectum ; 111. v. chief mesenteric vein ; ces. gullet ; /. 711, a. posterior mesenteric 

 artery ; p. vt. w, posterior mesenteric vein ; pn. pancreas ; pn.d. pancreatic duct ; 

 /. V. portal vein ; py. st. pyloric portion of stomach ; 7'ct. rectum ; r. c. right 

 central lobe of liver, with artery, vein, and bile-duct ; spg. Spigelian lobe of 

 liver with its artery, vein, and bile-duct ; spl. spleen ; sp. a. splenic artery. 

 (From Parker's Zootomy.^ 



left side of the body : the pyloric end, from which the duo- 

 denum arises, towards the animal's right, is less dilated and 

 has much thicker muscular walls. The mucous membrane of 

 the stomach, in which the microscopic gastric glands (p. 131) 

 are contained, is raised into ridges or rugae, and there 

 is a circular /j/m^r valve at the entrance to the intestine. 



The duodenum (du) extends backwards along almost the 

 whole length of the abdomen and then turns forwards again, 

 forming a slightly coiled, U-shaped loop, and becoming 

 continuous with the very long and coiled, second portion of 

 the small intestine or ileum (Fig. 125, il), which finally 

 dilates to form a rounded sac {s. r) opening into the proximal 

 end of the dark-coloured colon (cot) or first portion of the 

 large intestine. The colon has a much greater diameter 

 than the small intestine, and presents a series of saccula- 

 tions arranged in three rows, separated by flat regions 

 of its wall : it passes in.sensibly into the second portion of 

 the large intestine or rectum (ret), which is of about the 

 same diameter as the small intestine, and is, recognisable by 

 its rounded swellings containing the pill-like faeces : it passes 

 into the pelvic cavity to open by the anus (a). At the junction 

 of the ileum and colon is a relatively enormous blind-gut or 



Pract. Zool, K K 



