THE SKULL AS A WHOLE 



79 



process of the premaxilla; it is closed in the fresh state by a process of the cartilage 

 of the septum nasi. Scattered along each side of the palate are several accessory 

 foramina. The transverse palatine suture (Sutura palatina transversa) is about 

 half an inch from the posterior border. The latter is opposite to the fifth cheek 

 tooth in the adult, and is concave and free. 



The nuchal or occipital surface (Norma occipitalis) is formed by the occipital 



Nuchal crest 



Zygomatic arch 

 Glenoid cavity 



Condyle of 

 mandible 



Neck of mandible 



Angle of mandible 



Fig. 51. — Skull of Horse; Posterior View. The Hyoid Bone Has Been Removed. 

 1, External occipital protuberance; 2, curved line; 3, foramen magnum; 4, occipital condyle; 5, paramastoid 

 process; 6, basilar part of occipital; 7, mastoid foramen; S, mastoid process; 9, postglenoid process; 10, muscular 

 process of petrous temporal; 11, alar canal; 12, pterygoid process of sphenoid; 13, body of sphenoid; 14, vomer; 15, 

 15', perpendicular and horizontal parts of palatine bone; 16, 16, posterior nares or choanse; 17, hamulus of pterygoid 

 bone; 18, maxillary tuberosity; 19, palatine process of maxilla; 20, palatine process of premaxilla; 21, palatine fissure; 

 22, accessory palatine foramina; 23, body of mandible. 



bone. It is trapezoidal in outline, wider below than above, concave dorso-ventrally, 

 convex transversely. It is separated from the dorsal surface by the nuchal crest. 

 Below the crest are two rough areas for that attachment of the complexus muscles. 

 A little lower is a central eminence, the external occipital protuberance, on which the 

 ligamentum nuchse is attached. At the lowest part centrally is the foramen mag- 

 num. This is bounded laterally by the occipital condyle, lateral to which is the 

 paramastoid process. 



