138 



SKELETON OF THE OX 



rates the two palatine sinuses. The alveoU for the cheek teeth increase in size 

 from before backward. The maxillary sinus proper is small and is undivided. 

 The maxiUary foramen is a narrow fissure, deeply placed at the medial side of the 

 lacrimal bulla. The maxilla takes no part in the fonnation of the palatine canal. 

 Sutural (or Wormian) bones are often present at its junction with the lacrimal and 

 malar bones. 



The body of the premaxilla is thin and flattened, and has no alveoli, since 

 the canine and upper incisor teeth are absent. A deep notch takes the place of 

 the foramen incisivum. The nasal process is short, convex laterally, and does not 

 reach to the nasal bone ; the space l^etween the two processes is greater than in the 

 horse. The palatine process is narrow and is grooved on its nasal surface for the 

 septal cartilage and the vomer. The palatine fissure is very ^\'ide. 



The palatine bone is very extensive. The horizontal part forms one-fourth or 



Frontal 

 eminence 



Froulal hone 

 Nasal hone 



Fig. 1.35. — Sagittal Section of Skull of Ox, without Mandible. 

 A, A', Squamous and basilar parts of occipital bone; B, B' , postsphenoid, presphenoid; C, lateral mass of etbmoid 

 bone; Z), internal plate of frontal bone; ^, parietal bone; F, petrous temporal bone; G, pterygoid bone; i?, perpendicu- 

 lar part of palatine bone; I, outline of vomer (dotted line) ; J , palatine process of maxilla; K, nasal process of premaxilla: 

 L, dorsal turbinate bone; J/, ventral turbinate bone; N , middle turbinate bone (great ethmo-turbinate) ; 1, occipital 

 condyle; 2, paramastoid process; 3, bulla ossea; 4, basilar tubercle; .5, muscular process; 6, hypoglossal foramen; 7, 

 openings of condyloid canal; 8, direction of condyloid canal (dotted line); 9, internal opening of temporal canal; 10, 

 meatus acusticus internus; 11, foramen lacerum; 12, sella turcica; 1.3, optic foramen; 14, sphenoidal sinus; 15, orbital 

 wing of sphenoid bone; 16, frontal sinus; 16', anterior limit of frontal sinus (dotted line) ; 17, dorsal nasal meatus; 18, 

 middle nasal meatus; 18', dorsal branch of middle meatus; 19, ethmoidal meatuses;- 20, maxilla; 21, sphenopalatine 

 foramen; 22, opening into maxillary sinus; 23, opening into palatine sinus, and arrow indicating comm.umcation of 

 latter with maxillarj' sinus; 24, palatine sinus; 25, cross indicates anterior end of palatine sinus; 26, palatine fissure. 



more of the hard palate. The anterior palatine foramen opens near the junction 

 %\'ith the maxiUa, about half an inch from the median palatine suture and crest. 

 Accessory palatine foramina (Foramina palatina accessoria) are also present. The 

 palatine groove is usually not very distinct. The palatine canal is formed entirely 

 in this part, and there is no articulation with the vomer. A rounded ridge occurs 

 on the nasal side of the median suture. The interior is hollow, forming part of the 

 palatine sinus. The perpendicular part is an extensive, quadrilateral, thin plate, 

 which forms the posterior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and in part 

 bounds the choanee or posterior nares. Its nasal surface is nearly flat, and is smooth 

 and free, except behind, where it is overlapped by the irterygoid bone. The lateral 

 surface is attached to a small extent to the pterygoid process behind, and is free else- 

 where. The sphenopalatine foramen is a long, elliptical opening, formed by a deep 

 notch in the upper edge of the palate bone and completed by the ethmoid and sphe- 



