140 



SKELETON OF THE OX 



six alveoli for the lower cheek teeth; the first is quite small, and they increase in 

 size from before backward. The vertical part is much smaller than in the horse 

 and its posterior border is relatively thin below, conca:/e and wider above. The 

 mandibular foramen is about in the middle of its medial surface, and a groove for 



Coronoid process 



Condyle 



Incisor teeth 

 L ' 



Angle 



Symphyseal surface 



Fig. 136. — Right Half op Mandible of Ox; Medial View. 

 1, Mandibular foramen; 2, groove for lingual nerve. 



the lingual nerve curves downward and forward from it. The condyle projects 

 medially further than in the horse, and is concave from side to side. The coronoid 

 process is extensive and curves backward. 



The hyoid bone has a short tuberous lingual process. The middle cornua 



are almost as large as the small cornua. 

 The great cornua are narrow, except 

 at the ends. The upper end divides 

 into two branches, which correspond 

 to the two angles of that of the horse. 

 The thyroid cornua do not fuse with 

 ^ the body except in old age. 



SKULL OF THE OX AS A WHOLE 



The skull of the ox is more clearly 

 pyramidal than that of the horse, and 

 is shorter and relatively wider. The 

 cranium is quadrangular and larger 

 externally than in the horse ; its large 

 size is due mainly to the great extent 

 of the frontal sinuses and does not 

 affect the cranial cavity, which is 

 smaller than in the horse. 



The frontal surface (Fig. 133) is 



formed by the frontals, nasals, and 



premaxillae. The frontal part is 



quadrilateral and very extensive, the greatest width being at the orbits. It 



presents a central depression on its anterior part, and on either side are the 



supraorbital grooves and foramina. Behind is the median frontal eminence, 



Fig. 137. — Htoid Bone of Ox. 

 a, Body; b, lingual process; c, thyroid cornu and cartil- 

 age, c'; d, small cornu; e, middle cornu; /, great cornu; p, 

 muscular angle. (EUenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Haustiere.) 



