174 



SKELETON OF THE PIG 



is the fossa in wliich the inferior oblique muscle of the eye takes origin. Two lac- 

 rimal foramina are found on or close to the anterior margin. The pterygo-palatine 

 fossa is well defined; its upper part forms a deep groove which leads from the fora- 

 men orbito-rotundum to the very large maxillary foramen. The preorbital region 

 is deeply grooved in its length and is clearly marked off by a ridge from the nasal 

 and frontal regions. The facial crest is short, usually thin-edged, and lies above the 

 fifth and sixth cheek teeth. A little (ca. 2 cm.) in front of it is the infraorbital fora- 



Nuchal crest 



Fig. 1S2. — Skull of Pig; Posterior View. 

 1, 2, 3, Squamous, lateral, and basilar parts of occipital bone; 4, foramen magnum; 5, occipital condyle; 6, para- 

 mastoid process; 7, squamous temporal bone; S, meatus acusticus externus; 9, temporal condyle; 10, zygomatic 

 process of malar bone; 11, bulla ossea; 12, 12', perpendicular and horizontal parts of palatine bone; 13, 13', choange or 

 posterior nares; 14, vomer; 15, pterygoid process of sphenoid bone; 16, pterygoid process of palatine bone; 17, con- 

 dyle of mandible; 18, mandibular foramen; 19, body of mandible. 



men. There is a ridged prominence over the canine alveolus. In some skulls the 

 anterior part of the upper jaw is inclined upward. 



The most striking features of the basal surface are as follows: The basioc- ■ 

 cipital is wide and flattened; it bears a median crest and two lateral tubercles. 

 The paramastoid process is extremely long, less flattened than in the horse and ox, 

 and nearly vertical. At the medial side of its root is the hypoglossal foramen, 

 and in front of it are the stylo-mastoid foramen and a deep cavity in which the 

 hyoid process is concealed. The bulla ossea is long, compressed laterally, and bears 

 a sharp, short, muscular process. The posterior nares are small and are wider be- 

 low than above. On either side of them is the tuberosity of the palate bone, and 



