INTEEMETACAEPAL JOINTS METACARPO-PHALANGEAL JOINTS 



247 



the distal bones with the metacarpus, 

 uhiar carpal bone with the meta- 

 carpus. 



The dorsal, volar, and interos- 

 seous carpal ligaments vary with the 

 number of carpal bones present in 

 the different species. 



In the dog there are six dorsal 

 and six volar ligaments. The inter- 

 osseous ligaments are not inter- 

 ordinal. The accessory carpal bone 

 is attached by ligaments to the ulna, 

 the radio-intermediate, and the 

 third, fourth, and fifth metacarpal 

 bones. The distal carpal bones are 

 attached to the metacarpal bones by 

 dorsal and volar ligaments. 



INTERMETACARPAL JOINTS 



In the ox the small (fifth) meta- 

 carpal bone articulates with the large 

 metacarpal, but not with the carpus. 

 The joint cavity is connected with 

 that of the carpo-metacarpal sac. 

 The proximal end of the small meta- 

 carpal bone is attached by a ligament 

 to the fourth carpal, and another 

 band extends from its distal part 

 to the side of the large metacarpal. 

 There is also an interosseous liga- 

 ment, which is permanent and allows 

 a small amount of movement. 



The chief metacarpal bones of 

 the pig, and the second to the fifth of 

 the dog, articulate with each other 

 at their proximal ends, and are con- 

 nected by interosseous ligaments, 

 which do not, however, unite them 

 closely, as in the horse. There are 

 feeble dorsal and volar ligaments 

 (Ligg. basium) which unite the 

 proximal ends of the metacarpal 

 bones in the dog. 



METACARPO-PHALANGEAL JOINTS 



Ox. — There are two joints, one 

 for each digit. The volar parts of 

 the two joint capsules communicate. 

 The two interdigital collateral liga- 

 ments (Ligg. collateralia interdigi- 



A strong oblique ligament connects the 



Fig. 257. — Distal Part of Limb of Ox, Showing Ligaments 

 AND Tendons. One Digit and Corresponding Articu- 

 lar Part of Metacarpal Bone are Removed. 

 a, Suspensory ligament; a' , branch of a to superficial flexor 

 tendon; a" , a'" , lateral and central branches of a; 6, deep flexor 

 tendon; h' , branch of 6 to digit removed; c, c, superficial flexor 

 tendon; d, d', intersesamoid ligament (cut); e, interdigital col- 

 lateral ligament of fetlock joint; /, tendon of common extensor; 

 g, proximal interdigital ligament; h, digital annular ligament; 

 i, posterior annular ligament of fetlock; k, collateral ligament 

 of pastern joint; I, distal interdigital ligament; m, cruciate inter- 

 digital ligament (cut) ; m', m" , attachments of tn to second pha- 

 lanx and distal sesamoid bone; n, suspensory ligament of distal 

 sesamoid; o, dorsal elastic ligament; p, lateral volar ligament 

 of pastern joint; 1, metacarpus, sawn off at V; 2, first phalanx; 

 3, second phalanx; 4. third phalanx. (Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. 

 d. Haustiere.) 



talia) result from the bifurcation of a 



band which arises in the furrow between the divisions of the distal end of the large 



metacarpal bone; they spread out and end on the proximal ends of the first pha- 



