TIBIO-FIBTJLAR JOINTS HOCK JOINT 251 



which blend with the collateral femoro-tibial ligaments. The cavity is continuous 

 below with that of the femoro-tibial joint. A sagittal synovial fold (rudimentum 

 septi) extends up a short distance from the anterior cruciate ligament. The supra- 

 patellar pouch extends an inch or more (ca. 2-3 cm.) above the trochlea; from this 

 a pouch extends up beneath the quadriceps femoris almost an inch and communi- 

 cates through a large round opening with the joint cavity. There is a strong 

 ligamentum patellse, which has a bursa under its distal part. The tendon of the 

 biceps femoris takes the place of the lateral patellar ligament. A small ligamentum 

 transversum connects the anterior faces of the menisci. 



Dog. — The joint in general resembles that of the pig. The posterior part of 

 the capsule contains two sesamoid bones, which are imbedded in the origin of the 

 gastrocnemius. 



TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINTS 



Ox. — The proximal end of the fibula fuses with the lateral condyle of the 

 tibia. The distal end remains separate, and forms an arthrosis with the distal entl 

 of the tibia; the movement here is imperceptible, as the two bones are closely 

 united by strong peripheral fibers. 



Pig. — The proximal joint is provided with a capsule which is reinforced in 

 front and behind by fibrous tissue. The interosseous ligament attaches the shaft 

 of the fibula to the lateral border of the tibia. The distal joint is included in the 

 capsule of the hock joint, and is strengthened by dorsal and plantar hgaments 

 (Lig. malleoli lateralis dorsahs, plantaris), which extend ahnost transversely from 

 one bone to the other. There is also an interosseous ligament. 



Dog. — The arrangement is essentially the same as in the pig, but there is no 

 interosseous hgament in the distal joint. Not uncommonly the distal part of the 

 shaft of the fibula and tibia are ankylosed. 



HOCK JOINT 



Ox. — There is very considerable mobility at the proximal intertarsal joint, the 

 capsule of which is correspondingly roomy. The short lateral hgament is attached 

 distally on the tibial tarsal only. A strong transverse hgament attaches the lateral 

 malleolus (distal end of the fibula) to the back of the tibial tarsal bone. The dorsal 

 ligament is narrow and thin. 



Pig. — The arrangement in general resembles that of the ox. The medial hga- 

 ment consists of a thin superficial part which extends almost vertically from malleo- 

 lus to metatarsus, and a very strong deep part, which runs from the malleolus back- 

 ward and domiward to the sustentaculum and tibial tarsal. The lateral hgament 

 also consists of two parts. The small superficial part extends from the malleolus 

 down to the lateral face of the body of the fibular tarsal bone. The stronger deep 

 part arises from the anterior part of the malleolus, passes cheifly backward, widens, 

 and ends on a ridge on the lateral surface of the fibular tarsal. A strong band ex- 

 tends from the lateral face of the medial malleolus to a depression on the medial 

 surface of the proximal part of the tibial tarsal bone. An oblique dorsal band con- 

 nects the central and fourth tarsal bones. 



Dog. — The long collateral ligaments are very small, and the short ones double. 

 The plantar hgament is weak, and ends on the fourth metacarpal bone. No dis- 

 tinct dorsal hgament is present, unless we regard as such a ligament which extends 

 from the neck of the tibial tarsal to the fourth tarsal and third metatarsal bones. 



The remaining joints resemble those of the thoracic limb. 



