LATERAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH 



355 



n. LATERAL MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND THIGH (Figs. 303, 309) 



The tensor fasciae latae is large, and the fleshy part extends further down than 

 in the horse. 



The gluteus superficialis is not present as such; apparently its anterior part 

 has fused with the tensor fasciae latae and its posterior part with the biceps femoris. 



The gluteus medius is small, the lumbar part being insignificant and extend- 

 ing forward only to the fourth lumbar vertebra. Its deep portion (gluteus ac- 

 cessorius) is easily separable, and its strong tendon is inserted into the femur below 

 the trochanter major, under cover of the upper 

 part of the vastus lateralis. 



The gluteus profimdus is thin, but exten- 

 sive, arising as far forward as the tuber coxae, 

 and from the lower part of the sacro-sciatic liga- 

 ment. The fibers converge on a broad, strong 

 tendon which passes under the upper part of 

 the vastus lateralis, and is inserted into a tu- 

 bercle a short distance below the great tro- 

 chanter. 



The biceps femoris is very wide at its 

 upper part, having apparently absorbed the 

 posterior part of the superficial gluteus. It 

 arises from the sacral spines, sacro-sciatic liga- 

 ment, and tuber ischii. It is divided by a 

 fibro-elastic septum in the thigh into two por- 

 tions, which end in front and below on a wide 

 aponeurosis; the latter is attached to the patella 

 and its lateral ligament and blends with the fas- 

 cia cruris and fascia lata. There is no femora! 

 attachment. A large bursa occurs between the 

 muscle and the gr^at trochanter in the adult. 

 The part of the tendon which fuses with the 

 lateral patellar ligament presents a fibro-cartil- 

 aginous thickening, and an extensive bursa is 

 interposed between it and the lateral condyle 

 of the femur. 



A layer derived from the fascia lata is intimately 

 adherent to the deep face of the muscle, and cases occur 

 in which this fascia is ruptured by the trochanter major, 

 thus fixing the muscle behind the trochanter. 



Fig. 309. — Gluteai,, Femoral, and Crural 

 Regions of Ox, After Removal of 

 Superficial Muscles. 

 p, Gluteus medius; r, semitendinosus; u, 

 eoccygeus; 23, vastus lateralis; 28' , rectus fe- 

 moris; 29, semimembranosua; 30, gastrocnemi- 

 us; SI, sacro-sciatic ligament; 16, tuber coxae; 

 17, tuber ischii; 19, trochanter major; 20, patel- 

 la; 21', lateral condyle of tibia. (After Ellen- 

 berger-Baum, Anat. fiir Kiinstler.) 



The semitendinosus and semimembrano- 

 sus arise on the ischium only. The latter is very large and has a branch attached 

 to the medial condyle of the tibia. 



m. ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE THIGH 



The quadriceps femoris resembles that of the horse; but the vasti (and es- 

 pecially the medial one) are not so thick, and the vastus intermedius is more clearly 

 separable, and consists of two parts. Bursae occur under the insertions of the 

 medial and lateral vasti, and often under the end of the rectus in the adult. 



The articularis genu is a small muscle which lies under the distal part of the 

 vastus intermedius, and is partly inserted on the suprapatellar cul-de-sac of the 

 synovial membrane of the stifle joint. 



The capsularis is absent. 



