452 



DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF THE OX 



THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY 

 The abdominal cavity of the ox is very capacious, both absolutely and rela- 

 tively, as compared with that of the horse. This is due to several factors. The 

 lumbar part of the spine is about one-fourth longer than that of the horse. The 

 transverse diameter between the last ribs is greater. The costal attachment of the 

 diaphragm is almost vertical in direction from the ventral part of the ninth rib to 



Frontal 



Canty of great ethmoturhinal 



Cavity of superior lurbinal 



Cavities of inferior lurbinal ^ 



Vesti- 

 bule of 

 larynx 



^W»'Qr^ ' Thyroid 

 •*' -—^ ' cartilage 



Hyoid 

 bone 



Mylo-hyoideus 

 muscle 



Fig. 386. — Sagittal Section of Head of Cow, Cut a Little to the Right of the Median Plane. 



1, Cerebral hemisphere; :2, corpus striatum; 3, hippocampus; 4, olfactory bulb; .5, corpora quadrigemina; 6, 

 optic nerve; 7, pons; 5, medulla oblongata; 5, spinal cord; iO, pituitary body; ii, sphenoidal sinus; i^, lateral mass 

 of ethmoid; 13, ventral straight muscles; 14, suprapharyngeal lymph gland; 16, longus colli; 16, soft palate; i7, 

 vallate papillse; IS, tonsillar sinus; 19, conical papillse of cheek; SO, hyo-epiglotticus muscle; SI, epiglottis; 22, hyo- 

 glossua muscle; CI, C2, atlas, axis. Subject was hardened with mouth open. 



the dorsal end of the thirteenth. Thus the abdomen is increased at the expense 

 of the thorax, and the last three or four ribs enter more largely into the formation 

 of the abdominal wall than in the horse. The flank is also much more extensive. 

 The ilia, on the other hand, do not extend forward beyond a transverse plane 

 through the middle of the last lumbar vertebra. The epigastric and mesogastric 

 regions would be separated by a plane through the ventral end of the tenth pair of 



