THE INTESTINE 



463 



the latter is horny, and is shed in large patches in the rumen and omasum. The 

 tunica propria is papillated. The mucous membrane of the abomasum is glandular, 

 and corresponds to that of the right sac of the stomach of the horse. The fundus 

 glands (which are relatively short) occur in that part which presents the large folds, 

 while the long pyloric glands are found in the remainder, except about the omaso- 

 abomasal orifice, where cardiac glands occur. The mucosa pf the fundus gland 

 region is very thin as compared with that of the 

 horse; toward the pylorus there is an increase in 



thickness. There is a round prominence (Torus 

 pyloricus) on the upper part of the pyloric valve. 

 Vessels and Nerves.— The blood supply is 

 derived from the cceliac artery, and the veins 

 go to the portal vein. The nerves come from 

 the vagus and sympathetic. Numerous ganglia 

 are present in the submucous and intermuscular 

 tissue, especially in the reticulum and oeso- 

 phageal groove. 



■-itM 



»'. •■;■ 



A 



THE INTESTINE 



The intestine of the ox is about twenty 

 times the length of the body. It lies almost 

 entirely to the right of the median plane, chiefly 

 in contact with the right face of the rumen. It 

 is attached to the sublumbar region by a com- 

 mon mesentery. 



The small intestine has an average length 

 of about 130 feet (ca. 40 m.) and a diameter of 

 about two inches (ca. 5 to 6 cm.). The duo- 

 denum is about three or four feet (ca. 1 m.) in 

 length. Beginning at the pylorus (usually at the 

 ventral end of the eleventh rib or intercostal 

 space), it passes dorsally and forward to the 

 visceral surface of the liver; here it forms, ven- 

 tral to the right kidney, an S-shaped curve (Ansa 

 sigmoidea) . Thence it runs backward almost to 

 the tuber coxae, where it turns on itself, passes 

 forward alongside of the terminal part of the 

 colon, and joins the mesenteric part (jejunum) 

 under the right kidney. It is attached to the 

 liver by the lesser omentum; the remainder of 

 the mesoduodenum is a narrow fold which is 

 largely derived from the right layer of the com- 

 mon mesentery, but at the iliac flexure it comes 

 directly from the sublumbar region. The bile 

 duct opens in the ventral part of the S-shaped curve, 

 about a foot (ca. 30 cm.) further back. 



The remainder of the small intestine is arranged in numerous very close coils, 

 which form a sort of festoon at the edge of the mesentery. It lies chiefly in the 

 space bounded medially by the right face of the ventral sac of the rumen, laterally 

 and ventrally by the abdominal wall, dorsally by the large intestine, and anteriorly 

 by the omasum and abomasum. It is not subject to much variation in position, 

 but a few coils may find their way behind the blind sacs of the rumen to the left 

 side. The terminal part leaves the edge of the mesentery and runs forward be- 



1 



Fig. 396. — Large and Small Aggregated 

 Follicles or Peter's Patches of 

 Small Intestine op Ox (about }i nat- 

 ural size). 



The pancreatic duct opens 



