THE LIVER 



503 



first coccygeal vertebrae and the sphincter ani externus. The retractors, together 

 with the coccygei, form a sort of pelvic diaphragm, analogous to that of man. 



THE LIVER 



The liver is relatively large, weighing usually about 3 per cent, of the body- 

 weight. It is divided into five chief lobes by fissures which converge at the portal 

 fissure. When the gland is ex- 

 amined in the soft condition poit.i/enacai/a. 



the lobes may be spread out so 

 as to be all visible (Fig. 444), 

 but when the organ is hard- 

 ened in situ the lobes overlap 

 to a considerable extent (Figs. 

 445,446). 



The left lateral lobe is the 

 largest, and is oval in outline; 

 The left central lobe is smaller 

 and is prismatic. The right 

 central lobe is second in size, 

 and presents a somewhat 

 tongue-shaped quadrate lobe, 

 marked off by the deep fossa 

 in which the gall-bladder lies. 

 The right lateral lobe is third 



in size, and is oval in outline. On its visceral surface is the large caudate lobe; 

 this consists of two parts — on the right, the caudate process, on the left, the papil- 

 lary process, both often being subdivided by secondary fissures. 



Fig. 444. — Liver of Dog. 

 Soft specimen sketched with lobes drawn apart. 



Right lateral lobe 



Coronary 



ligament Left lateral 



Posterior vena cava ligament 

 (Esophageal 

 notch 



Bight central 

 lobe 



Left lateral 

 lobe 



Left central lobe 



Gall-bladder Quadrate lobe 



Fig. 445. — Liver of Dog; Parietal Surface. 

 1; Hepatic veins opening into posterior vena cava; 2, coronary ligament; 3, falciform ligament. 



