THE PANCREAS 



505 



The oesophageal notch is large, and is occupied on the right by the thick margin of 

 the hiatus oesophagus. The remainder of the circumference is thin, and is cut into 

 by deep fissures which separate the lobes. The ventral border lies on the abdominal 

 wall, a variable distance behind the xiphoid cartilage. The left border is also 

 variable, but usually extends back ventrally as far as the tenth intercostal space 

 or eleventh rib. The right border corresponds more or less closely in direction 

 with the costal arch ; the end of the caudate process is ventral to tlie right kidney, 

 opposite to, or a little behind, the last rib. 



The gall-bladder lies in the fossa vesicae fellete, between the two parts of the 



right central lobe; it docs not reach to the 

 ventral border of the liver. The cystic duct 

 joins the hepatic duct at the ventral part of 

 the portal fissure, forming with it the bile 

 duct (Ductus choledochus) ; the latter passes 

 to the right and opens into the duodenum, 

 about two or three inches (ca. 5 to 8 cm.) 

 from the pylorus. 



Of the ligaments, the coronary and right 



Dorsal end 



Posterior 

 border 



h. ^^ Gastric 

 surface 

 \ 



Anterior 

 border 



[ Ventral 



Ventral end end 



Fig. 447.— Spleen of Dog; Parietal Fig. 448.— Spleen of Dog; Viscehai, Surface. 



SUKFACE. 



Fig. 447 is from subject in which the stomach was full, v hile the organ shown in Fig. 448 was fixed in situ when the 



stomach contained little food. 



lateral are well developed, but the left lateral and falciform are small; a ligament 

 extends from the caudate process to the right kidney. 



THE PANCREAS 

 The pancreas is V-shaped, consisting of two long narrow branches, which 

 meet at an acute angle behind the pylorus. The right branch extends backward 

 above the first part of the duodenum, below the caudate lobe of the liver and the 

 right kidney, and ends usually a short distance behind the latter; it is enclosed by the 

 mesoduodenum. The left branch passes to the left and backward between the 



