THE LARYNX 



539 



process is well developed, and the vocal process is narrow and long. The vocal 

 cords are short and project very little from the wall, so that the rima glottidis is 

 wide; the vocal ligament is attached ventrally to the crico-thyroid membrane it 

 has the form of a half tube, open behind. The lateral ventricle is represented by a 

 very shallow depression, and the saccule is absent. The thyro-arytenoideus muscle 



Fig. 478. — Adittjs Laryngis and Adjacent Structdres of Ox. 

 The pharynx, soft palate, and origin of oesophagus have been cut along the dorsal median Une and reflected. 

 1, Epiglottis; 2, aditus laryngis; 3, 3', apices of arytenoid cartilages; 4, posterior pillar of soft palate; 5, cut sur- 

 face of soft palate; 6, pharynx; 7, limen oesophagi; 8, oesophagus; 9, trachea; 10, glosso-epiglottic space; 11, tonsil- 

 lar sinus; 12, root of tongue; 13, vallate papillae; 14, dorsum linguae. 



is equivalent to the vocalis and ventricularis of the horse; it is fan-shaped, thick, 

 and narrow dorsally; it is attached ventrally to the base of the epiglottis, the angle 

 of the union of the thyroid laminae, and the crico-thyroid membrane. The hyo- 

 epiglotticus muscle is large and bifid; it arises from the small cornua and at their 

 articulation with the body of the hyoid bone, and thus may take the place of the 

 hyoideus transversus in its action on the small cornua. 



