THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS 



The female genital organs (Organa genitalia feminina) are: (1) The two 

 ovaries, the essential reproductive glands, in which the ova are produced; (2) 

 the uterine or Fallopian tubes, which convey the ova to the uterus; (3) the uterus, 

 in which the ovum develops ; (4) the vagina, a dilatable passage through which the 

 foetus is expelled from the uterus; (5) the vulva, the terminal segment of the genital 

 tract, which serves also for the expulsion of the urine; (6) the mammary glands, 

 which are in reality glands of the skin, but are so closely associated functionally 

 with the generative organs proper that they are usually described with them. 



GENITAL ORGANS OF THE MARE 



THE OVARIES 



The ovaries (Ovaria) of the mare are bean-shaped, and are much smaller 

 than the testicles. Their size varies much in different subjects, and they are 



Fig, 530. — Lateral View of Genital Organs and Adjacent Structhres of Mare. 

 It ia to be noted that the removal of the other abdominal viscera has allowed the ovaries and uterus to sink down; 

 this has, however, the advantage of showing the broad ligaments of the uterus. 1, Left ovary; 2, uterine or Fallopian 

 tube; S, left comu uteri; 4, right cornu uteri; 6, corpus uteri; 5', portio vaginalis uteri, and 5" , os uteri, seen through 

 window cut in vagina;. 6, broad Ugament of uterus; 6" , round ligament of uterus; 7, vagina; 8, labia vulvae; 9, rima 

 vulvae; 9\ dorsal commissure, and 9" , ventral commissure, of vulva; 10, constrictor vulvae; It, position of vestibular 

 bulb; 12, ventral wall of abdomen; 13, left kidney; H, left ureter; 15, urinary bladder; 16, urethra; 17, rectum; 

 18, anus; 19, 19', unpaired and paired parts of sphincter ani externus; 20, retractor ani cut at disappearance under 

 sphincter ani externus; 21, suspensory ligament of anus; 22, longitudinal muscular layer of rectum; 22', recto-coccygeus; 

 23, constrictor vaginae; a, utero-ovarian artery, with ovarian (a') and uterine (a") branches; h, uterine artery; c, um- 

 biUcal artery; d, ischium; e, pubis; /, ilium. (After EUenberger, in Leisering's Atlas.) 



normally larger in young than in old animals; one ovary is often larger than the 

 other. They are about three inches (ca. 7 to 8 cm.) long and an inch to an inch 



596 



