606 



GENITAL ORGANS OF THE COW 



end, and have no ovulation fossa. They are situated usually a little above 



the middle of the lateral margin of the pelvic inlet in the non-pregnant subject, but 



may be a little further forward. They are thus about 16 to 18 inches (ca. 40-45 



cm.) from the vulvar opening in a cow of medium size. The greater part of the 



surface of the gland is covered with germinal epithelium, the peritoneal epithelium 



being limited to a narrow zone along the 



attached border. Follicles of various sizes /'• 



are often seen projecting from the surface, 



as well as corpora lutea; a corpus luteum 



verum has a pronounced yellow color, and 



may reach a width of half an inch or more 



(ca. 1-1. .5 cm.). 



The uterine or Fallopian tubes are long 

 (ca. 20-25 cm.) and less flexuous than in the 

 mare. The junction with the cornu of the 

 uterus is not so abrupt as in the mare, since 

 the extremities of the horns are pointed. 

 The uterine orifice of the tube is rather large 

 and funnel-shaped. The fimbriae are not so 

 extensive as in the mare. 



The uterus lies almost entirely within 

 the abdominal cavity in the adult. The 

 body is only about an inch and a half (ca. 

 3-4 cm.) in length, although externally it 



Fig. 536. — Cotyledon of Gravid Uterus of Cow. 

 The photograph is about three-fourths natural size of a speci- 

 men of medium size. 



Fig. 537. — Genital Organs of Cow; Dorsal 

 View. 

 The right uterine cornu and the vagina and 

 vulva are opened up: 1, Labium vulvae; 3, ventral 

 conamissure ; 3, glans clitoridis; 4> glandula vestib- 

 ularis major, exposed by slit in mucous mem- 

 brane; 5, pouch in which the ducts of the pre- 

 ceding open; 6, suburethral diverticulum; 7, ex- 

 ternal urethral opening; 8, openings of canals of 

 Gartner; 9, orificium uteri externum; 10, corpus 

 uteri; 11, cornu uteri; 13, cotyledons; 13, uterine 

 tube; 14, ostium abdominale tubee; 15, ovary. 

 (From Leisering's Atlas, reduced.) 



appears to be about five or six inches long. 



This false impression is due to the fact that 



the posterior parts of the cornua are united 



by connective and muscular tissue and have 



a common peritoneal covering. The cornua 



are, therefore, really more extensive than 



they appear externally and have an average 



length of about fifteen inches (ca. 35-40 cm.). They taper gradually toward the free 



end, so that the junction with the uterine tubes is not abrupt, as in the mare. The 



free part of the horn curves at first downward, forward, and outward, and then turns 



backward and upward, forming a spiral coil. The cervix is about four inches (ca. 



10 cm.) long; its wall is remarkably dense, and may be more than an inch (ca. 3 cm.) 



