THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY 



709 



carotid; it gives off a branch to the mandibular gland, and the sublingual artery. 

 After turning around the j aw the facial gives off the two labial arteries. The inferior 

 labial artery is small; it runs forward along the ventral margin of the depressor 

 labii inferioris. The superior labial is large; it passes forward ventral to the 

 depressor labii superioris, and usually gives off a muscular branch which runs for- 

 ward almost parallel with the lateral nasal. The angular artery is very small or 

 absent, and the lateral and dorsal nasal arteries spring from branches of the in- 

 ternal maxillary. 



3. The external carotid artery passes upward between the stylo-hyoideus 

 and the great cornu of the hyoid bone, turns forward across the lateral face of the 

 latter, and divides into superficial temporal and internal maxillary arteries. It 

 gives off the following collateral branches : 



(1) The pharyngeal artery may be a branch of the external carotid, but often 

 arises from the occipital. 



(2) The posterior auricular artery, which resembles that of the horse, sends a 



Fig. 594. — Floor of Cranium and Anterior Part of Vertebral Canal of Ox. 

 1, Vertebral artery; ^, muscular branches of 1; 3, branches of 1 to the rete mirabile; 4. 5, branches of internal max- 

 illary artery to rete; 6, branch of internal maxillary artery entering cranium through foramen ovale; 7, condyloid ar- 

 tery; 5, emergent artery from rete, distributed lilce internal carotid artery of horse; 9, 9' , longitudinal vertebral sinuses; 

 a, cribriform plate; h, optic formina; c, for. orbito-rotundum ; d, foramen ovale; e, occipital condyle; /, g, h, first, 

 second, and third cervical vertebrae. (After Leisering's Atlas.) 



stylo-mastoid branch into the tympanum. It may arise from the superficial 

 temporal. 



(3) The superior parotid artery arises near the termination of the external 

 carotid and enters the upper part of the parotid gland. 



(4) The masseteric artery resembles that of the horse, but is smaller; it may 

 arise from the internal maxillary artery. 



The superficial temporal artery is large and presents the following special 

 features: (1) The transverse facial artery passes into the central part of the masse- 

 ter. (2) It gives off a branch which corresponds to the posterior meningeal artery 

 of the horse, enters the temporal canal, and ramifies in the dura mater, giving off 

 twigs to the external ear, the temporal muscle, and the frontal sinus. (3) It 

 usually gives off the anterior auricular artery. (4) A large branch passes around 

 the outer side of the base of the horn-core, supplies the corium of the horn, and 

 anastomoses across the back of the frontal eminence with the artery of the opposite 

 side. (5) Other branches go to the frontal muscles and skin and to the orbital 

 fat, the lacrimal glands, and the eyelids. 



