742 CIRCt'LATORY SYSTEM OF THE DOG 



The lumbar lymph glands are scattered along the abdominal aorta and the vena 

 cava. Those placed near the hilus of the kidney are often designated renal. 



The internal iliac lymph glands are rounded and relatively large. They 

 comprise: (1) Three or four glands situated on and between the origin of the cir- 

 cumflex iliac and the external and internal iliac arteries; (2) a gland in the angle 

 of divergence of the internal iliac arteries; (3) several glands along the course of 

 the external iliac artery, the most ventral of which is usually the largest, and might 

 be regarded as a deep inguinal gland. 



The external iliac lymph glands are small, three or four in number, and lie in 

 front of the circumflex iliac vessels. 



The visceral lymph glands of the abdomen comprise the following: 



1. The gastric lymph glands are situated on the lesser curvature of the stomach, 

 covered by the pancreas in situ. They are commonly five or six in number and are 

 in series with the hepatic glands. 



2. Several hepatic lymph glands (Fig. 429) are present about the portal vein 

 at the portal fissure. The largest ones are about an inch (ca. 2-3 cm.) long. 



3. A long splenic lymph gland lies on the splenic vessels near the dorsal end 

 of the spleen. 



4. The mesenteric lymph glands are situated along the anastomotic arches 

 formed by the vessels of the small intestine. 



5. Several caecal l3miph glands are situated along the first part of the csecal 

 vessels. 



6. Two series of coUc lymph glands accompany the arteries of the spiral part of 

 the colon, and are exposed by separating the coils of the bowel. Small glands are 

 placed in the colic mesentery and above the rectum. 



7. The anal lymph glands are situated on either side on the retractor ani. 



A small ischiatic lymph gland is found on the sacro-sciatic ligament near the 

 lesser sciatic notch. 



The prefemoral lymph gland is situated on the aponeurosis of the external 

 oblique muscle at the anterior border of the tensor fascia latae, and a little above the 

 middle of the thigh. It has an elongated oval outline, and in the adult may be 

 about two inches (ca. 5 cm.) long, and nearly an inch (ca. 2 cm.) wide. It is em- 

 bedded in fat. 



The superficial inguinal lymph glands form an extensive group, which may be 

 five inches or more (ca. 10-12 cm.) in length. The middle part of the group is at 

 the external inguinal ring, and the series extends back on the upper part of the 

 gracilis and forward and outward on the aponeurosis of the obliquus abdominis 

 externus. They number about a dozen; the largest are about an inch (ca. 2-3 cm.) 

 long, and the others about the size of a pea. 



The popUteal lymph glands are small normally and may escape notice. They 

 are more superficially placed than in the other animals, and are in part in contact 

 with the skin. 



A few small tarsal glands occur in front of the distal part of the tendo Achillis. 

 The occurrence of a gland in the subcutaneous fat about a handbreadth above the 

 tuber calcis has been noted by Hartenstein; it varies from the size of a pea to that 

 of a hazel nut. 



CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE DOG 

 The Pericardium and Heart 



The pericardium is attached to the sternal part of the diaphragm by a fibrous 

 band, the pericardiaco-phrenic Ugament (Lig. pericardiaco-phrenicum). and is con- 

 nected with the sternum only by the mediastinal pleura. 



